Gorokhovsky, Yuri Nikolaevich

Born on December 16 ( December 29 ), 1907 in St. Petersburg . After graduating from the Leningrad secondary school in 1924, he studied in Odessa at the Higher Technical School of Applied Chemistry. In 1926-1930, a student of the Faculty of Chemistry of Leningrad State University , specialty - physical chemistry . Since 1929, he began working at the GOI , in the Photographic sector, headed by Professor T.P. Kravets . The first works were devoted to studying the properties of gelatin in relation to the problem of improving the quality of photographic films and papers, in particular, reducing the so-called “depression” - a common form of marriage in photographic production ^[1] .

In 1932, as a scientific secretary, he participated in the First All-Union Conference on Scientific Photography. In 1936 he became a member of the Permanent Sensitometric Commission of the Main Directorate of Cinematography. He took an active part in creating a new method for studying the photographic process - energy spectral sensitometry ^[2] . He studied the Herschel effect ^[3] . In 1938, for work on colloidal and photographic chemistry, Yu. N. Gorokhovsky was awarded the degree of Candidate of Chemical Sciences by the Academic Council of Moscow State University without defending a dissertation. In 1939, for his work on spectral sensitometry, he received an award from the Komsomol Central Committee and the USSR Academy of Sciences . The results of sensitometric studies in the GOI of the prewar years Yu. N. Gorokhovsky summed up in the review ^[4] .

During World War II , he developed methods for processing special photographic materials used in photo intelligence, technical means and standards for measuring their properties ^[5] . In 1943 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Spectral study of photographic layers." The official opponents were Professor K.V. Chibisov , Academicians A.N. Terenin and S.I. Vavilov . In 1945, he organized a sensitometric laboratory at the VNIIM named after D.I. Mendeleev .

In the 1950s, together with employees, he continued work on sensitometry and developed criteria for assessing the overall photosensitivity and photographic latitude of multilayer color photographic materials ^[6] . Almost all methods for quantitative assessment of the quality of photographic materials developed under his leadership were drawn up by State standards and put into production ^[7] . He developed methods for measuring the graininess and resolution of photographic materials, the physical sharpness of black-and-white and color photographic images ^[8] .

In 1964 he was appointed head of the laboratory of the department of scientific photography of the GOI. He developed methods and devices for exposure metering ^[9] , studied the initial hidden stages of photographic manifestation ^{[10] [11]} . In connection with the 50th anniversary of the State Optical Institute in 1968, it summarized the results of the institute's activities in the field of scientific photography and photographic equipment for 50 years ^[12] .

Since 1938, an assistant professor of photographic chemistry at LIKI . In 1945 he created at LIKI and for 25 years he headed the department of photography and processing technology for photosensitive materials ^[13] .

Chairman of the Leningrad Branch of the Commission on Chemical-Photographic Processes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , organized in 1948 to coordinate the scientific work of academic and industrial institutes. He was a member of the editorial boards of the successes of scientific photography published since 1951 (until 1970) and from 1956 to 1972 of the Journal of Scientific and Applied Photography and Cinematography. More than 60 articles were written by him for the TSB of the 2nd edition (1951-1958) and the 3rd edition (1970-1974) and for the Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary (1960-1966). In total, Yu. N. Gorokhovsky published over 150 scientific articles, 4 monographs, and made 20 inventions ^[14] .

He died suddenly on January 2, 1973 .

In 1989, a memorial plaque was installed in the LIKI building in memory of the work of Yuri Nikolaevich Gorokhovsky here (architect Linzbach E.P. Marble) ^[15] .

• Gorokhovsky Yu. N., Barteneva O. D. Atlas of the spectral properties of modern photographic materials. - L: GOI, 1941 .-- 88 p.
• Gorokhovsky Yu. N. Methods of photographic sensitometry. - M: Goskinoizdat, 1948 .-- 128 p. - 3,000 copies.
• Gorokhovsky Yu. N. Properties of photographic materials on a transparent substrate. Sensitometric reference. - M: Gostekhizdat, 1955 .-- 236 p. - 10,000 copies.
• Gorokhovsky Yu. N. Spectral study of the photographic process. - M: Fizmatgiz, 1960 .-- 391 p. - 5,000 copies.
• Gorokhovsky Yu. N., Levenberg T. M. General sensitometry: theory and practice. - M: Art, 1963. - 302 p. - 2,500 copies.
• Gorokhovsky Yu. N., Baranova V.P. Properties of black and white photographic films. - M: "Science", 1970. - 388 p. - 20,000 copies.

• Stalin Prize of the second degree ( 1946 ) - for the development of a new system and instruments for determining the sensitivity of emulsions
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor ( 1952 )
• medals