The Youngers ( Czech Mladočeši ) or the National Party of Freethinkers ( Czech Národní strana svobodomyslná ) is a Czech social and political movement and political party (since 1874) in Austria-Hungary.
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Initially, the juveniles were a fraction of the National Party that arose in 1860 and was led by the more moderate old ladies . At the turn of the 60s and 70s, the old ladies pursued a policy of obstruction of the imperial legislative bodies, while the junior wing demanded active defense of their position. In 1874, the deepening split between the factions led to the fact that the youngsters organizationally separated from the party and created the National Party of Freethinkers [1] , after which the name "old ladies" was assigned to the entire NNP. In 1889, at the congress of the juveniles on Mount Rzhip, the old ladies were declared traitors to the Czech people [2] . The signing of the Czech-German agreement of 1890 between the elders and German organizations and the spread of suffrage led to the loss of support by the elders in favor of the younger boys and other parties. By the beginning of the 20th century, their political position began to draw closer to the old-coves [3] .
Parties provided active financial support to large Czech industrialists and bankers [3] . The ideologist and long-term leader of the party was Karel Kramarg .
Despite the fact that the youngsters were more radical than the older ones, at the end of the 19th century they did not demand the creation of an independent Czech state, but limited themselves to the requirements of national autonomy in the form of transforming Austria-Hungary into a triune monarchy while maintaining the country's economic unity [3] . The party also demanded state support for industry and exports, as well as the nationalization of railways [3] . The babies also fought with Pan-Germanism, and Kramargs was also a supporter of neo-Slavism - the union of Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire [3] , although shortly before the outbreak of World War I, he developed a project to transfer the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the rule of the Russian Empire [4] . The youngsters also demanded a policy of equality in relation to the peoples of Austria-Hungary and the introduction of universal suffrage.
The polemic of the juveniles and the old ones ironically described K. Chapek :
The young salamanders apparently stood for progress without any barriers and restrictions, stating that under water it was necessary to adopt the mainland culture as a whole with all its achievements, not excluding football, flirting, fascism and sexual perversions. On the contrary, the old salamanders apparently conservatively clung to the natural properties of the salamanders and did not want to renounce the good old animal habits and instincts; they undoubtedly condemned the feverish pursuit of all sorts of innovations and saw in it signs of decline and betrayal of the salamander ideals of their ancestors and, of course, were also outraged by the alien influences to which the present corrupted youth blindly submits, and asked whether the monkey was worthy of proud and proud salamanders .
- The war with the salamanders
In 1918, the party teamed up with the old-timers and moderate forces into the Czech State Law Democracy party, which in 1919 became known as the National Democratic Party of Czechoslovakia .
Notes
- ↑ Klevansky A. Kh., Maryina V.V., Mylnikov A.S., Pop I.I. Brief history of Czechoslovakia. - M .: Nauka, 1988 .-- S. 231. - ISBN 5-02-009334-1 .
- ↑ Klevansky A. Kh., Maryina V.V., Mylnikov A.S., Pop I.I. Brief history of Czechoslovakia. - M .: Nauka, 1988 .-- S. 235. - ISBN 5-02-009334-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Klevansky A. Kh., Maryina V.V., Mylnikov A.S., Pop I.I. Brief history of Czechoslovakia. - M .: Nauka, 1988 .-- S. 262. - ISBN 5-02-009334-1 .
- ↑ Klevansky A. Kh., Maryina V.V., Mylnikov A.S., Pop I.I. Brief history of Czechoslovakia. - M .: Nauka, 1988 .-- S. 275. - ISBN 5-02-009334-1 .