1777 year

Europe

• February 24 - Mary I is proclaimed Queen of Portugal with her husband, Consort King Pedro III .

• Pombal dismissed, arrested and put on trial, who sentenced him to death, replaced by exile. Many reforms have been canceled.
• The dynasty in Bavaria was interrupted, and Karl-Theodor Pfalzsky, the head of the Wittelsbach senior branch, became the heir.
• The city of Stavropol was founded.
• The city of Cherepovets was founded.
• The city of Luga was founded.
• They became the city of Great Luke .
• It became the city of Petrozavodsk .
• It became the city of Rybinsk .
• It became the city of Kineshma .
• The city of Pavlovsk was founded as the village of Pavlovsk, the estate of the heir to the throne of the future emperor Paul I.
• Great flood in St. Petersburg .
• October 1 - Treaty in San Ildefonso between Spain and Portugal on the settlement of territorial disputes in the La Plata River region, while the Tordesillas Treaty and other agreements on the division of the world between Spain and Portugal ceased to be valid. Portugal returned to Spain the possessions seized during the Seven Years War , and renounced claims on the Philippines , Mariana Islands , the island of Fernando Po and others.

America

• January 3 - Washington's victory over the British at Princeton .
• Autumn - The onset of the English armies on the Hudson Valley: Burgoyne from the Canadian border, Saint-Leger from Lake Ontario and Clinton from the mouth of the Hudson . The Americans held across the Hudson a giant iron chain.
• September 26 - The British troops of General Howe occupied the US capital Philadelphia .
• October 19 - The army of Burgoyne, surrounded by Saratoga, surrendered to the American troops of Gates. The Tories from the army of Saint-Leger fled, the Indians turned weapons against the British. Prisoners of war from Burgoyne's army were allowed to return to England. Winter - Washington Army at Valley Forge.
• November 15 - The Second Continental Congress adopted Articles of the Confederation (“Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union”) - the first constitutional document of the United States. State sovereignty remained, Congress consisted of one chamber, elected for a year.

See also: Category: Born in 1777

• February 7 - Dinik Golescu , Romanian writer (d. 1830 )
• April 30 - Karl Friedrich Gauss , an outstanding German mathematician , astronomer and physicist , considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time (d. 1855 )
• June 4 - Alexey Petrovich Ermolov , Russian military leader and statesman (d. 1861 )
• July 23 - Philipp Otto Runge - the largest German romantic artist (d. 1810 )
• August 14 - Hans Christian Oersted , Danish physicist (d. 1851 )
• December 23 - Alexander I , Emperor of the Russian Empire (reigned from 1801 until his death in 1825 ).

See also: Category: Deaths in 1777

• February 3 - Hugh Kelly , English writer of Irish descent (born 1739 ).
• February 24 - Jose I , the Portuguese king (born 1714 ).
• April 2 - Maxim Sozontovich Berezovsky , Russian composer (b. 1745 ).
• April 12 - Claude Crebillon , French writer (born 1707 ).
• September 25 - Johann Heinrich Lambert , German mathematician, physicist and philosopher (born 1728 ).
• October 6 - Maria Theresa Joffren , mistress of the famous French literary salon (b. 1699 ).
• October 12 - Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov , Russian writer (born 1717 ).