Sewage treatment is a special term used in mining . The treatment work includes work on the extraction of minerals in the underground method of developing mineral deposits [1] .
During the treatment works, the extraction of minerals is carried out by the gross method or separately (selective extraction). With selective excavation, individual grades of ores, coal, and rock layers are taken out separately [1] .
As a result of the extraction of minerals in the process of treatment work underground, mine workings are formed, which are called treatment works. The face of the mine working was called the face of the mine. The underground space formed as a result of treatment works is called the worked out space.
In modern conditions, treatment works are carried out using various mining machines and mechanisms [2] :
- In coal mines with the help of mountain combines , conveyors , powered roof supports ;
- In underground mines - using loaders , scrapers , excavators and loading machines (video) .
In the development of rock minerals to separate ore and rocks from the massif, technology using drilling and blasting is used.
In underground mining, the dust content of the air can exceed the MPC by hundreds of times [3] [4] . Under the working conditions that are available in mines, the continuous wearing of respirators is practically impossible (they make breathing difficult, impair gas exchange, prevent communication, etc.), which does not allow using them as a means of reliable prevention of irreversible and incurable occupational diseases - silicosis , pneumoconiosis (and others). Therefore, in order to reliably protect the health of miners and coal processing workers in the USA, they use more effective means of collective defense [5] [6] .
Literature
- Jay F. Colinet, James P. Rider, Jeffrey M. Listak, John A. Organiscak, and Anita L. Wolfe. The best ways to reduce dust in coal mines = [ https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/UserFiles/works/pdfs/2010-110.pdf Best Practices for Dust Control in Coal Mining. - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. - Pittsburgh, PA; Spokane, WA: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2010-110, 2010. - 84 p. PDF translation option
- Andrew B. Cecala, Andrew D. O'Brien, Joseph Schall, Jay F. Colinet et al. Mining and Dust Protection Guidelines = Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing . - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. - Pittsburgh, PA; Spokane, WA: DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2012-110, 2012. - 312 p. PDF translation option
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Treatment works . Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Date of treatment July 10, 2011. Archived on August 13, 2012.
- ↑ Treatment works . Mountain Encyclopedia. Date of treatment July 10, 2011. Archived on August 13, 2012.
- ↑ Dryomov, Alexey Viktorovich. Justification of rational parameters of dust removal in a combine heading face: dissertation of the candidate of technical sciences: 05.26.01; [Place of protection: Mosk. state mountains un-t]. - Moscow, 2010 .-- 148 s
- ↑ Kuzmichyov A.S. ed. "Handbook on the fight against dust in the mining industry" M .: Nedra, 1982. - 240p.
- ↑ Best ways to reduce dust in coal mines, 2010 .
- ↑ Dust Protection Guide for Mining and Processing, 2012 .