Shaidrovo

Shaidrovo in the 17th — 18th centuries

Wasteland Shayturovo in Ratuevo camp of Moscow district on the river on Gorodnya mentioned in the import certificate of Tsar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky for 1606. However, this source contains references to earlier sources, which suggests that today the history of the village Shaydro (wasteland) of all villages (wastelands) neighborhoods Tsaritsyno is one of the most ancient. The first written source, to which the import certificate of Tsar Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky refers, is “The book of the letter and the measures of Elizarya Saburova and his comrades for the year 94” (1586) ^[1] .

The first known owner of these places was Alexei Timofeevich Borzetsov, who in the 20s – 40s of the 17th century served as head for the construction of Mozhaisk , was the governor on Vyatka, and a bailiff for foreign ambassadors. In 1646, in the "village Shaidurov on the river on Chertanovka" he had a baronial estate and a peasant's yard ^[2] .

In 1657 the village was already in possession of Semyon Lukianovich Streshnev . In 1666, she passed to his widow, Marya Alekseevna Streshneva, in connection with which an inventory was compiled: ^[3]

In 1673, after her death, the village entered the Order of the Grand Palace . Judging by the census book of 1678 , there were 7 courtyards and 21 inhabitants ^[3] .

In 1682, Shaydrovo, along with the entire Chernogryazskaya patrimony, was given to the boyar Ivan Fyodorovich Streshnev "by kinship, which his brother" owned in advance " S.L. Streshnev. By that time, there were 6 courtyards in the village with 20 male souls, and 13 peasants were on the run. However, in 1686, the Streshnev patrimony passed to Prince Alexei Vasilyevich Golitsyn , the son of the famous Prince Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn , a favorite of Tsarevna Sofia Alekseevna ^[3] .

In 1689 , after the fall of the government of Sophia, Scheidrovo and the other possessions of the Golitsyn were confiscated. The village was in the Palace Office until 1712 , until it was granted to Prince Dmitry Kantemir . After his death, the estate was divided between his heirs, and his widow Princess Anastasia Ivanovna (nee Trubetskaya) received the fourth part. Later, the village belonged to other Kantemirs and Prince I. A. Trubetskoy ^[4] .

With the construction of the Tsaritsyn estate, Catherine II bought the village Shaydrovo from both its co-owners, princes S. D. Kantemir and I. A. Trubetskoy. Tsaritsyn Avenue was laid on the lands of the village - a royal access road connecting Tsaritsyno with Kolomensky Avenue ^[4] .

Shaydrovo in the XIX - early XX century

The village was located 8 km from the Serpukhov outpost , where the berry market was located, which led to the development of gardening by the peasants. The statistical description of the Tsaritsyn parish of 1839 about Scheidrov said: ^[3]

After the peasant reform, the peasants received all the land (320 dessiatines) that they had in their possession. In each farm there were gardens: at the beginning of the XIX century - apple trees, and at the end of the century already consisted of different cultures. Here, as in the neighboring villages, cigarette cartridges were made, what 27 women and children from 17 houses were doing. The working season lasted 35 weeks, from September to June, during which time workers on average received 75 rubles 95 kopecks per yard ^[3] .

By the end of the 19th century , there were 58 farms in the village with a population of 301 people. However, in the economic life there were some changes caused by irreparable damage to apple orchards from the frosts of 1869 . Therefore, by 1912, the apple tree was supplanted by cherries (48.3% of all garden plantings) and raspberries (44.38%). Repeated intermittent freezing and pest invasions, undermining the competitiveness of the Moscow region farms associated with the holding of the Kursk Railway in 1866 and bringing early berries along it to the capital forced the peasants to look for new sources of income. Therefore, from the beginning of the 20th century , strawberries quickly spread here, advantageous because of their early ripening ^[3] .

In 1900, the public three-field field was canceled in Scheidrov, in connection with which most of the farms switched to potato cultivation and 10 years later, their planting occupied 66.3% of the total sown area. Regular use of land for planting a single crop led to the depletion of the soil, which forced fertilizer from Moscow as there were not enough of its own. To increase the landing area, plowing up of creeks along the Chertanovka River took place, gardens were cut down, and field land was used for planting vegetables. The peasants also sold milk and eggs in neighboring Tsaritsyno during the summer period ^[5] .

By 1926, there were 87 households in the village, in which 436 people lived. Summer residents willingly settled in the village, attracted here by the convenience of communication with Moscow, an abundance of berries, and a picturesque pond. In the 1930s, a collective farm named after Sh. L.M. Kaganovich. Later, Shaidrovo, together with Khokhlovka , Middle Belyaev and Dyakov, merged into one collective farm, and after consolidation and unification with the village of Borisovo , a single large diversified collective farm was formed here, named after VI Lenin ^[3] .

In Moscow

In 1960, the village became part of Moscow with its expansion. The nearby territory was assigned to the Moskvoretsky district of Moscow ^[6] . After 1969, the territory was ceded to the Soviet district ^[7] .

In 1977 the village was completely demolished ^[3] .

After the administrative reform of 1991, the territory where the village was previously located became part of the Tsaritsyno district.

• Averyanov KA History of Moscow districts: Encyclopedia. - M .: Astrel, AST, 2008. - p. 830. - ISBN 978-5-17-029169-4 .

• The history of the village and its inhabitants