William Seward Burroughs (February 5, 1914, St. Louis , USA - August 2, 1997, Lawrence , USA) is an American essayist , novelist and novelist, one of the key representatives of the beat generation , called his “godfather” [1] . In addition, Burroughs is one of the developers of the avant-garde writing method - a subspecies of the slicing method called “fold-in” [2] .
Peru Burroughs owns nineteen novels and more than ten collections of short prose. All his main works are translated into Russian. Burroughs began to write when he met Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg . With the first in collaboration, he will write the book “ And the hippos have boiled in their pools ”, which will be devoted to the actual murder of their close friend - David Kammerer ( Eng. David Kammerer ) [3] ; the book was released only in 2008 due to an injunction on publishing related to one of the protagonists of the novel, Lucien Carr , the killer of Kammerer, who sought a court order to ban the publication of the book until his death [3] . This will be followed by two autobiographical novels - “ Junkie ” and “ Pidor ”, which will be published under the pseudonym “William Lee” [4] [5] . The book, which will become a key one in Burroughs’s work, will be The Naked Breakfast , released in 1959, which will finally establish the writer’s place among the most radical and scandalous authors of his time, simultaneously approving the title of “godfather” of the beat generation [1] .
The information presented in this article is based on the most complete bibliography of William Burroughs, “Collecting William S. Burroughs in print” by Eric Shoaf , released in 2000 [6] [7] .
Novels and novels
Burroughs' first books, written before 1959, are documentary prose - three novels appear in the form of an autobiography of a writer and were created in a traditional narrative form, even before the emergence of corporate non-linear narrative writing style, which will become the basis of the author’s work later [8] . Only a few years later, having moved to Morocco in Morocco in 1959, to the Tangier International Zone (which he dreamed of visiting after reading several books by Paul Bowles [9] [10] ), Burroughs begins to closely engage in the processing of his literary material in accordance with the principles developed jointly with By Brion Gysin , a “fold-in” technique using the slicing method. The result of his work will be the novel “ Naked Breakfast ”, which will subsequently be called one of the most important works of American literature of the 20th century [11] . The next remarkable milestone in the writer's work will be the Nova Trilogy (it will be composed of novels written between 1961 and 1964), which is destined to appear as the apotheosis of the writer's linguistic experiments [2] [12] .
Burroughs' novels were revolutionary for their time; “Burroughs has no heroes, even his characters are very arbitrary. With “characters” it’s even more difficult, since the action <...> the alleged characters of the book, bearing funny and strange names, appear from nowhere and disappear to nowhere, they flash like shadows, bumping into each other. Sometimes they are mixed into one big stream, and then the author already has time to briefly characterize each one in a nutshell ” [13] . Burrows’s work is nowadays quite ambiguous - “some consider him to be the greatest moralist since Jonathan Swift , others accuse him of pornography and playing on base feelings” [14] .
| The year of publishing | Name in Russian | original name | Year of publication in Russian |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 [15] | And hippos welded in their pools [16] | And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks | 2010 [17] |
| 1953 | Junkie | Junkie | 1997 [18] |
| 1953 [19] | Fag | Queer | 2002 [20] |
| 1959 | Naked breakfast | Naked lunch | 1994 [21] |
| 1961 | Soft car | The soft machine | 1999 [22] |
| 1962 | Ticket that burst | The Ticket That Exploded | 1998 [23] |
| 1963 | Letters to Yaha [24] | The yage letters | 2001 [25] |
| 1964 | Nova Express | Nova express | 1998 [26] |
| 1969 | The last words of the Dutchman Schulz [27] | The Last Words of Dutch Schultz | 2004 [28] |
| 1971 | Wild boys | The wild boys | 2000 [29] |
| 1973 | Port of saints | Port of saints | 2003 [30] |
| 1979 | Blade Runner Movie | Blade Runner (a movie) | 2004 [31] |
| 1981 | Cities of Red Night | Cities of the red night | 2003 [32] |
| 1983 | Dead Road Space | The place of dead roads | 2004 [33] |
| 1986 | Cat inside | The cat inside | 1999 [34] |
| 1987 | Western lands | The western lands | 2005 [35] |
| 1991 | Ghost chance | Ghost of chance | 1999 [36] |
| 1995 | My education. Book of dreams | My Education: A Book of Dreams | 2002 [37] |
Stories, essays, interviews and letters
The authorship of Burroughs more than a dozen collections of small prose . The writer is most widely known to the Russian reader as a novelist, for this reason a relatively small number of the author’s stories were published in Russian. Separate books left only three works. The first, the collection “Disinsector!” Logically continues the themes of “Wild boys”, but differs from the latter in less use of “cuts”, a clearer presentation of various movie quotes, more detailed characters and a fairly simple plot [38] . The compilation essay collection “The Counting Machine”, released in 2009, is mainly focused on Burroughs’s personal experiences, he “writes about his youth, his first attempts at writing , friends and enemies, writers whom he knew or admired — Francis Scott Fitzgerald and Jack Kerouac , Somerset Maugham and Graham Greene , Ernst Hemingway and Samuel Beckett ” [39] . The collection received very high marks from Russian literary critics - the TimeOut review begins with the words “the release of the collection showed that the Burroughs-novelist loses a lot to the Burroughs-essayist”, and the observer Rolling Stone reacted positively to the work [40] [41] .
Released in 2010, "Interzone", according to James Grauerholtz - a biographer, editor and literary executor Burroughs, one of the most important books in the context of the study of the writer's work [8] . The works “Here Ah Puig” and “Tornado Alley” were released as part of the collection “The Cat Inside. Collection of short prose "; as was noted in one of the book reviews, “Burroughs' little stories are written, as the author himself notes in the text“ The Cat Inside, “the haughty tone of the old English pederast.” One of the stylistic dominants of this tone is an absent-minded look at the space around it, its fragmentation ” [42] .
| The year of publishing | Name in Russian | original name | Year of publication in Russian |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1969 | Interview with William Burroughs [43] | The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs | 2011 [44] |
| 1973 | Exterminator! | Exterminator! | 2001 [45] |
| 1974 | Book of breath | The book of breething | 2004 [46] |
| 1979 | Here is Ah Puig | Ah Pook is Here | 2002 [47] |
| 1982 | Sauna Sinki | Sinki's sauna | 2002 [48] |
| 1984 | Ruski | Ruski | 2002 [49] |
| 1984 | William Burroughs Dossier [50] | The burroughs file | 2011 [51] |
| 1985 | Counting machine | The Adding Machine: Collected Essays | 2008 [52] |
| 1989 | Interzone | Interzone | 2010 [53] |
| 1989 | Tornado Alley | Tornado alley | 2002 [54] |
| 1993 | Letters of William Burroughs [55] | The Letters of William S. Burroughs: 1945-1959 | 2011 [56] |
Books not published in Russian or published only partially
| The year of publishing | original name | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | The exterminator | Together with Brion Gysin. This book should not be confused with the storybook Disinsector! ( Exterminator!, 1973). |
| 1960 | Minutes to go | |
| 1963 | Dead fingers talk | Excerpts from the novels “Naked Breakfast”, “Soft Machine” and “The Ticket That Burst” compiled into a new work. |
| 1965 | Roosevelt after Inauguration and Other Atrocities | A collection of short prose in the political satire genre. The title story of Roosevelt after the Inauguration is also an integral part of the book Letters to Yaha, translated into Russian (see above ). |
| 1965 | Time | |
| 1967 | So Who Owns Death TV? | |
| 1969 | The dead star | |
| 1971 | The electronic revolution | A collection of essays whose central theme is Burroughs' idea that language is a virus. Fragments of the book [57] were published in Russian. |
| 1973 | Brion Gysin Let the Mice In | |
| 1973 | White subway | |
| 1973 | Mayfair Academy Series More or Less | |
| 1975 | Sidetripping | |
| 1975 | Snack | |
| 1976 | Letters to Allen Ginsberg | Correspondence between Burroughs and Ginsberg from 1953 to 1957 |
| 1976 | Colloque de tangier | |
| 1976 | Cobble stone gardens | |
| 1976 | The retreat diaries | |
| 1977 | The third mind | Co-authored by Brion Gysin, the book focuses on the “slicing method” |
| 1978 | Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology | Scientology critical essay |
| 1979 | Colloque de Tangier Vol. 2 | |
| 1979 | Doctor benway | |
| 1979 | Wouldn't You Polish Pine Floors ... | |
| 1979 | Three novels | |
| 1981 | The streets of chance | |
| 1981 | Early routes | |
| 1982 | Mummies | |
| 1984 | New york inside out | |
| 1984 | Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse | |
| 1987 | From the western lands | |
| 1988 | Apocalypse | |
| 1989 | Uncommon Quotes Vol. one | |
| 1989 | The black rider | |
| 1989 | Clause 27 Is Proposition 6 Is the Whole Tamale | |
| 1990 | The valley | |
| 1991 | Seven Deadly Sins | |
| 1991 | X ray man | |
| 1992 | Paper Cloud Thick Pages | |
| 1992 | Painting and guns | |
| 1994 | Photos and Remembering Jack Kerouac | |
| 1994 | Remembering Jack Kerouac | |
| 1995 | Pantopon rose | |
| 1996 | Concrete and buckshot | |
| 1998 | Word Virus: The William Burroughs Reader | Excerpts from Burroughs' main books compiled by Grauerholz in a single publication; "Guide" on the writer's work |
| 1998 | A spiritualual exercise | |
| 2000 | Burroughs live | Collection of interviews with a writer from 1960 to 1997 |
| 2000 | Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs | A collection of Burroughs' diary entries he made in his last years. Fragments of the book, published in 1998 on the pages of the New Yorker magazine , were published in Russian [58] . |
| 2001 | Words of Advice for Young People | |
| 2001 | The heroin drug cure | |
| 2007 | Everything Lost: The Latin American Notebook of William S. Burroughs | Diary entries dated to the time the writer lived in Latin America |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Harris, Oliver. William Burroughs and the Secret of Fascination. - SIU Press, 2006. - P. 3. - 287 p. - ISBN 9780809327317 .
- ↑ 1 2 Murphy, Timothy. Wising up the marks: the amodern William Burroughs. - University of California Press, 1997 .-- 276 p. - ISBN 9780520209510 .
- ↑ 1 2 Burroughs, William; Kerouac, Jack. James W. Grauerholtz, Afterword // And the hippos boiled in their pools. - M .: AST, Astrel, 2010 .-- 222 p. - 2500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-17-065459-8 .
- ↑ Naked Lunch (Naked Breakfast, Nagish Lunch) unopened . litkult.ru. Date of treatment August 23, 2010. Archived January 30, 2012.
- ↑ William Seward Burroughs leary.ru. Date of treatment August 23, 2010. Archived January 30, 2012.
- ↑ Shoaf, Eric. Collecting William S. Burroughs in print: A checklist. - Ratishna Books, 2000. - 71 p. - ISBN 978-0964100558 .
- ↑ Shoaf, Eric. A William S. Burroughs Bibliography . A William S. Burroughs Community . realitystudio.com. Date of treatment July 8, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Burroughs, William. James Grauerholtz. Opening Remarks // Interzone = Interzone. - AST, Astrel, 2010 .-- S. 7-27. - 288 p. - (Author's collection). - ISBN 978-5-271-27775-7 .
- ↑ McGuinness, Justin. International Zone // Morocco, 4th. - Footprint Travel Guides, 2003. - P. 175. - 560 p. - ISBN 9781903471630 .
- ↑ William Burroughs . johnnytim.com. Date of treatment December 17, 2010. Archived January 22, 2012.
- ↑ Lacayo, Richard. Naked Lunch (1959), by William Burroughs . ALL TIME 100 Novels . time.com. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ Lissitzky, Nikita. Burroughs, William Seward - Biography . berrous.net.ru. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on August 17, 2011.
- ↑ Shatalov, Alexander; Mogutin, Yaroslav. Beatniks: a medical history . az.gay.ru. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ William Seward Burroughs / . leary.ru. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ Written in 1945, published in 2008.
- ↑ Together with Jack Kerouac.
- ↑ Translation by Alexei Kruglov, AST Publishing House , ISBN 978-5-17-065459-8 .
- ↑ Translation by Alex Cervy, Sistema-Plus, ISBN 5-86817-042-6 .
- ↑ Written in 1953, published in 1985.
- ↑ Translation of Maxim Nemtsov , Mitin Journal , No. 60. In 2003, published under the title Homosex in the translation of Denis Borisov, AST Publishing House, ISBN 5-17-018702-5 .
- ↑ Translation by Victor Cogan, Verb Publishing House, ISBN 5-87532-013-3 .
- ↑ Translation by Victor Kogan, Amphora Publishing House , ISBN 5-8301-0001-1 , Alphabet Publishing House , ISBN 5-7684-0672-7 .
- ↑ Translation by Victor Kogan, Nika-Center Publishing House, ISBN 966-521-070-X .
- ↑ Together with Allen Ginsberg.
- ↑ Translated by Alex Cervy, Adaptec / T-ough Press, ISBN 5-93827-006-5 .
- ↑ Translation by Victor Kogan, Nika-Center Publishing House, ISBN 966-521-070-X . In 1999, this translation was published under the title Supernova Express in the collection Soft Machine, Amphora Publishing House, ISBN 5-8301-0001-1 , Azbuka Publishing House, ISBN 5-7684-0672-7 .
- ↑ A novel about the famous gangster Dutchman Schulz , written in the form of a screenplay .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek , published in the Blade Runner collection, Kolonna publications , ISBN 5-98144-024-4 .
- ↑ Translation of Mark Zalk and Dmitry Volchek, Kolonna publications, ISBN 5-94128-001-7 . A fragment of the novel was published under the name “Wild Guys” in Mitya Magazine, No. 56, 1998.
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, Kolonna publications, ISBN 5-98144-006-6 .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, Kolonna publications, ISBN 5-98144-024-4 .
- ↑ Translation by Artyom Arakelov, Adaptec / T-ough Press and Ultra. Culture ” , ISBN 5-98042-004-5 .
- ↑ Translation by Ilya Kormiltsev , Ultra. Culture ”, ISBN 5-98042-043-6 .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, Kolonna publications and Ganymede publishing houses, ISBN 5-88653-017-7 . In 2010, published under the name "Inner Cat" translated by Anna Komarinets, publishing house "AST", ISBN 978-5-17-070654-9 .
- ↑ Translation by Ilya Kormiltsev, Adaptec / T-ough Press and AST, ISBN 5-17-029548-0 .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, Mitin Magazine, No. 58. In 2000, published as a separate book, Adaptec / T-ough Press, ISBN 5-93827-001-4 .
- ↑ Translation by Maxim Nemtsov, Verb publishing house, ISBN 5-94381-057-9 , Summer Garden publishing house, ISBN 5-87532-050-8 .
- ↑ Skerl, Jennie; Lydenberg, Robin. William S. Burroughs at the front. - Southern Illinois University Press, 1991 .-- 274 p. - ISBN 9780809315857 .
- ↑ William Burroughs - Counting Machine . kolonna.mitin.com. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ Shulinsky, Igor. The calculating machine . Books . timeout.ru (02/04/2009). Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ Gorbachev, Alexander. William Burroughs “The Counting Machine” . "Rolling Stone", No. 54 . rollingstone.ru. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ Kirsanov, Vladimir. William Burroughs - The Cat Inside . az.gay.ru. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- ↑ The book was compiled by Daniel Odier based on various interviews he had taken from Burroughs in the late 1960s.
- ↑ Translation by Niyaz Abdullin, AST Publishing House, ISBN 978-5-17-066765-9 .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, Adaptec / T-ough Press and Kolonna publications, ISBN 5-94128-007-6 . Separate stories of the collection were previously published in Mitin Journal, No. 59, 2001.
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, published in the Blade Runner collection, Kolonna publications, ISBN 5-98144-024-4 .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, Mitin Magazine, No. 60. Also, the book was published as part of the collection The Cat Inside, Kolonna publications, ISBN 5-94128-063-7 .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, “Mitin Magazine”, No. 60. The story was also published in the collection “The Cat Inside,” Kolonna publications, ISBN 5-94128-063-7 .
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, published in the collection “The Cat Inside,” publishing house “Kolonna publications”, ISBN 5-94128-063-7 . The story was also published under the name "Russian" in the translation of Nana Eristavi in the collection "Fint boast", publishing house "AST", 2002, ISBN 5-17-010421-9 .
- ↑ Collection of essays, short stories, and drafts written from 1964 to 1984.
- ↑ Translation of Niyaz Abdullin and Anton Skobin, AST Publishing House, ISBN 978-5-17-069480-8 .
- ↑ Translation of Olga Serebryanoy, Igor Karich, Mikhail Gunin, Alex Kervi, Yaroslav Mogutin , Dmitry Volchek and Maxim Nemtsov, Kolonna publications, ISBN 978-5-98144-116-5 . Separate essays from the collection were previously published in Mitin Journal, No. 58, 1999, and No. 62, 2005.
- ↑ Translation by Niyaz Abdullin, AST Publishing House, ISBN 978-5-17-065461-1 . Separate stories from the collection were previously published by Andrei Emelyanov in Mitin Magazine, No. 57, 1999.
- ↑ Translation by Dmitry Volchek, published in the collection “The Cat Inside,” publishing house “Kolonna publications”, ISBN 5-94128-063-7 .
- ↑ Compiled by Oliver Harris.
- ↑ Translation by Niyaz Abdullin, AST Publishing House, ISBN 978-5-17-071233-5 .
- ↑ Translation by Maxim Nemtsov, published in the collection “Naked Breakfast. Electronic revolution. Last words ”, publishing house“ Verb ”, 2000, ISBN 5-87532-045-1 .
- ↑ Translation by Maxim Nemtsov, Mitin Journal, No. 56, 1998. Also in the book “Naked Breakfast. Electronic revolution. Last words ”, publishing house“ Verb ”, 2000, ISBN 5-87532-045-1 .
Literature
- Maynard, Joe; Miles, Barry. William S. Burroughs: A Bibliography, 1953-73 Unlocking Inspectors Lee's Word Hoard. - University of Virginia Press, 1978.- 242 p. - ISBN 978-0813907109 .
- Burroughs, William. William Burroughs Reader. - Pan Books Ltd, 1982. - 376 p. - ISBN 978-0330267625 .
- Shoaf, Eric. Collecting William S. Burroughs in print: A checklist. - Ratishna Books, 2000. - 71 p. - ISBN 978-0964100558 .
Links
- William Burroughs at the Moshkov Library . Library of Maxim Moshkov . lib.ru. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- William Burroughs in the Shop of Languages . Shop of Languages . vladivostok.com. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- RealityStudio. A William S. Burroughs Community . realitystudio.org. - One of the largest English-language sites dedicated to the writer. Date of treatment July 8, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- William Burroughs . berrous.net.ru. - Russian-language site dedicated to the writer. Date of treatment July 7, 2011. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- Books of William S. Burroughs in the electronic catalog of the Russian State Library