Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky ( November 7 (19), 1840 , Vorkovo estate, Dinaburg district of Vitebsk province - November 9 (22), 1901 , St. Petersburg ) - Russian biologist and embryologist , one of the founders of evolutionary embryology and physiology. Full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (since 1890; corresponding member since 1883). Emeritus Professor of the Imperial University of St. Petersburg . Privy Councilor (1898) [1] [2] .
| Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Date of Birth | November 7 (19), 1840 | |||||
| Place of Birth | Vorkovo estate, Dinaburg district, Vitebsk province | |||||
| Date of death | November 9 (22), 1901 (61 years old) | |||||
| A place of death | St. Petersburg | |||||
| A country |  Russian empire | |||||
| Scientific field | biology , embryology , zoology | |||||
| Place of work | Kazan University University of St. Vladimir Novorossiysk University St. Petersburg University , Sevastopol Biological Station | |||||
| Alma mater | St. Petersburg University (1863) | |||||
| Academic degree | Doctor of Zoology (1867) | |||||
| Academic rank | Professor Emeritus (1850) , Academician of SPbAN (1890) | |||||
| Famous students | ||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Brother of the paleontologist-evolutionist V.O. Kovalevsky .
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Scientific activities
- 3 Addresses in St. Petersburg
- 4 memory
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
Biography
In 1856, A.O. Kovalevsky entered the Corps of Railway Engineers, but after a short training he moved to St. Petersburg University to the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics , which he graduated in 1863. There he received a master 's degree for the dissertation: “The history of the development of the lancelet - Amphioxus lanceolatus ” (1865), in 1866 he was approved as the privat-docent of St. Petersburg University, in 1867 he defended his doctoral dissertation “Anatomy and the history of the development of Phoronis ” (1867).
He was successively a professor at Kazan (from 1868), Kiev (from 1869), Novorossiysk (now Odessa National University named after I. I. Mechnikov ) in Odessa (from 1874), and Petersburg (in 1891-1894) universities.
To study marine animals, he undertook numerous expeditions and trips: he worked on the Adriatic Sea (Trieste, 1867), the Mediterranean Sea (Naples, 1864, later Messina, 1868, Villafranca, 1895), on the Caspian Sea (1869), the Red Sea (1870), in the English Channel (Roskov, 1892), etc.
During his service at Kiev University of St. Vladimir was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 2 tbsp. with the imperial crown in 1872. During his service at the Novorossiysk University (now Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University ) he was awarded the Order of St. Anna 2 tbsp. and the rank of a valid state adviser .
He participated in the development of measures to combat the pest of vineyards - phylloxera - in Bessarabia , the Crimea and the Caucasus ; was one of the organizers of the Sevastopol Marine Biostation .
In 1883 he was elected a corresponding member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the category of biological sciences, in 1890 he was elected an ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.
From 1892 to 1901 - Director of the Sevastopol Biostation . He made a practical contribution to the aquarium industry .
He died on November 22, 1901 in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg [3] [4] .
Scientific activity
An outstanding evolutionary biologist, the main scientific works are devoted to comparative embryology and physiology of invertebrate animals.
An active supporter of Darwinism . He studied the embryonic development of multicellular animals, especially invertebrates, which helped to clarify the evolutionary paths of the animal world.
Founder (together with I.I. Mechnikov , 1871) of the phylogenetic theory of germ layers. He conducted (1865-1876) numerous studies in the field of comparative anatomy, physiology and histology of invertebrates. Together with Mechnikov laid the foundations of evolutionary comparative embryology . He studied the structure and functions of the excretory and lymphatic systems, as well as phagocytic organs in invertebrates.
His work laid the foundation for experimental and evolutionary histology.
He was in the editorial office (Department of Biological Sciences) and was the author of articles in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron .
A.O. Kovalevsky was an honorary member of many natural-science societies, both Russian and foreign, in 1898 he was proclaimed honorary doctor of the University of Cambridge .
In 1940, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR established the AO Kovalevsky Prize "for merits in the field of embryology."
Addresses in St. Petersburg
- 1891-1893 - F. K. Weber's apartment building: 13 Bolshaya Konyushennaya Street ; [5]
- 1893-1901 - Nikolaev Embankment (Lieutenant Schmidt from 1925), 1.
Memory
- In 1955, a memorial plaque (architect R.I. Kaplan-Ingel) was erected on house No. 1 along the embankment of Lieutenant Schmidt in St. Petersburg (at that time Leningrad) [6] .
Notes
- ↑ The highest bureaucracy of the Russian Empire. Brief Dictionary .
- ↑ Kovalevsky - Aldr. Onufr. tf // Alphabetical index of residents ... // All Petersburg for 1901. Address and reference book of St. Petersburg. - SPb. : Partnership A.S. Suvorin , 1901. - S. 265. - ISBN 5-94030-052-9 .
- ↑ Grave on the plan of the Novodevichy Cemetery (No. 50) // Division IV // All Petersburg for 1914, address and reference book of St. Petersburg / Ed. A.P. Shashkovsky. - SPb. : Partnership of A. S. Suvorin - “New Time”, 1914. - ISBN 5-94030-052-9 .
- ↑ Tomb of A.O. Kovalevsky at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg
- ↑ Guide to reference bibliographic resources. Petersburg studies, address books. .
- ↑ Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg, a memorial plaque to A. O. Kovalevsky. .
Literature
- Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky // Full members of the Academy // List of persons serving in the department of the Ministry of Education for 1901. - SPb. : Printing House of the Ministry of the Interior , 1901. - S. 164.
- Mechnikov I.I. Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky // Pages of Memoirs. Collection of autobiographical articles. - M., 1946.
- Letters of A.O. Kovalevsky to I.I. Mechnikov (1866-1900). - L., 1955.
- Dogel V.A.A.O. Kovalevsky (1840-1901). - M. - L., 1945;
- Biographical Dictionary of Professors and Teachers of the Imperial University of St. Vladimir: (1834-1884) / comp. and published under the editorship of ordin. prof. V.S.Ikonnikova. - Kiev: per type. Imp. University of St. Vladimir, 1884. - S. 264-268.
- Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Young Chemist / Comp. V.A. Kritsman, V.V. Stanzo. - M .: Pedagogy, 1982. - S. 105.
- Obituary // Government Gazette. - SPb. , 1901. - November 11 ( No. 248 ). - S. 2 .
- Pilipchuk O. Ya. Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky, 1840-1901 / Res. ed. N. M. Artyomov. - M: Nauka, 2003 .-- 182 p. - (Scientific and biographical literature).
Links
- Profile of Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky on the official website of the RAS
- Kovalevsky, Alexander Onufrievich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Kovalevsky, Alexander Onufrievich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Kovalevsky, Alexander Onufrievich. Biography on the site "Biography.ru"