Agul language (self-designation - Agul chal ) - the language of the Agul . Belongs to the Lezghin group of Nakh-Dagestan languages . The dialects are distinguished: Tpig (lying in the basis of the literary language), Keren (Richin), Koshan (Kushan, includes dialects Arsug, Borshag, and Khudig; strongly influenced by the Tabasaran language and significant influence of the Dargin language), Burkhan (Kekhyun) and Fitin (represented in one aul). Distributed in the Agul and Kurakh districts of Dagestan . The number of speakers in the Agulian language is 29.3 thousand people. (2010). In 1990, as a result of the joint work of Sh. A. Mazanayev , S. N. Gasanova and I. A. Mazanayev, a written language was created based on the Russian alphabet.
| Agul language | |
|---|---|
| Self name | Ag'ul Chal |
| Country | Russia |
| Regions | Dagestan |
| Official status |  Dagestan |
| Regulatory organization | IALI DSC RAS |
| Total number of speakers | 29,287 [1] |
| Status | |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages ββof Eurasia |
North Caucasian superfamily (not recognized)
| |
| Writing | Cyrillic |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | agx |
| WALS | |
| Atlas of the World's Languages ββin Danger | |
| Ethnologue | |
| ELCat | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
In the Agulian language, some of the materials are published in the Vesti Agula newspaper.
Content
Writing
The Cyrillic-based Agul alphabet was adopted in 1990 [3] :
| A a | B b | In in | G r | G g g | Gb gb | GI GI | D d | J j |
| Her | Her | F | S s | And and | Th | K to | Kk kk | K b |
| Kb | KI KI | L l | M m | N n | Oh oh | N p | Pp pp | PI PI |
| R p | C s | T t | TT TT | TI TI | At | Oo oo | F f | X x |
| Hh hh | Hell | Xi xi | C c | QI QI | H h | Hh hh | Chi chi | W sh |
| Y | b | I | s | b | Uh | Yoo | I am i |
Linguistic characteristic
Phonetics and Phonology
A characteristic feature of vocalism is the presence of umlautized (ai, yy, oh) and pharyngealized (aI, yI) vowels. The lobed consonants are represented by the quaternary system (voiced, aspirated, heminata, abruptive), and the aspirants are represented by the ternary system (voiced, deaf, geminated with deaf). In the speech of the residents of the village of Burshag and the village of Arsug there are dento-labialized hissing: zh, dzh, hj, hch, hΣ, sh, shsh. The emphasis usually falls on the second syllable, sometimes on the first.
Morphology
There is no category of grammar classes , class indicators are etymologically traced in some names, verbs, etc. Nouns , except for the number category, have 28 cases : 4 main (nominative, ergative, genitive, dative) and 24 local, divided into 8 series, each 3 cases in each (locative, directive case, source). The basis of indirect cases is ergative case. The verb has a complex system of names and moods , does not have categories of class, number and person. Its foundation is complicated by prefixes and local precursions. The basic constructions of a simple sentence : nominative, ergative, native.
Bibliography
Grammar
- Dyrr A. M. Agulsky // Collection of materials for the description of the localities and tribes of the Caucasus . Vol. XXXVII. Tiflis, 1907.
- Israfilov N. R. Fitinsky dialect of the Agul language. Makhachkala: IALI DSC RAS, 2013.
- Magometov A.A. Agulsky: Studies and texts. Tbilisi, 1970.
- Merdanova S.R. Morphology and grammatical semantics of the Agul language. (Based on the material of the Khpuk dialect.) M., 2004.
- Ramazanov M.R. Grammar of the Agul language: Scientific and normative research. Makhachkala, 2014.
- Sulejmanov N. D. Comparative-historical study of dialects of the Agul language. Makhachkala, 1993.
- Tarlanov Z.K. Aguly: their language and history. Petrozavodsk, 1994.
- Tarlanov Z. K. Problems of general grammar and grammar of the Agul language. Makhachkala: IALI DSC RAS, 2013.
- Shaumyan R. M. Grammar outline of the Agul language (with texts and a dictionary). M. - L., 1941.
Vocabulary and phraseology; Dictionaries
- Gasanova S. N. A brief phraseological dictionary of the Agul language. Makhachkala, 2008.
- Israfilov R. S., Israfilov N. R. Phraseological Dictionary of the Agul language. Makhachkala: DSPU, 2014.
- Mazanaev Sh. A. Russian-agulsky dictionary. - Makhachkala, Publishing House of the DSU, 2012.
- Mazanaev Sh. A. Agul-Russian Dictionary. - Makhachkala, Publishing House of DGU, 2014.
- Ramazanov M.R. Agul-Russian Dictionary. Makhachkala, 2010.
- Ramazanov M.R. Etymological Dictionary of the Agul Language. Makhachkala, 2013.
- Sulejmanov N. D. Agul-Russian (dialectological) dictionary. Makhachkala, 2003.
Literature and Folklore
- Mazanaev Sh. A. Agul literature. Makhachkala: Dagknigoizdat, 2008.
- Mazanaev Sh. A. Agul literature. Formation and development. Makhachkala: CPI DGU, 2007.
- Maysak T.A. Agul texts of the 1900-1960s. M .: Academia, 2014 .-- 496 p. ISBN 978-5-87444-385-6
Notes
Links
- Agul language / T. A. Maysak // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004β2017.