Old Rakhino

The village of Old Rakhino is located on the Kholova River , 7 km west of the federal highway "Russia" M10 , 13 km south of the village of Kresttsy .

To the south of Old Rakhino is Lake Yamno .

Streets: ^[4]

• Meadow
• Otradnaya
• Solar

In 1897 - 942 people ^[5] .

In 1908, 993 people ^[6] .

In 2002, 165 people ^[7] .

In 2013 - 119 people; in 2014 - 107 people ^[8] .

In the XV — XVI centuries. ^[9] Rakhino - “crying out” (that is, the general, divided into plots given to several landowners, landlords) the village of Lokotsky graveyard of Derevskaya Pyatina ^{[10] of} Novgorod land . ^[11] Located on the border with Listovsky Pogost. ^[12]

In 1475, Ivan III was traveling from Moscow to Novgorod via Rakhino. ^[13]

After the accession by Ivan III of Novgorod to Moscow Russia in 1478, the significance of the Great Moscow Road ^[14] , passing through Rakhino, increased. Near the bridge over Kholova, in the crippled village of Rakhino ^[15] , the rich landowner of the Novgorod boyar republic, Matvey Konstantinovich Domozhirov ^[11] , was transferred to Vasily III at the beginning of the 16th century “for service and for the duration of service” Malafey Zakharovich Kishkin . In 1550, after the death of Alexei Malafeevich Kishkin, who served Ivan IV , this land was empty. ^[11] From the reference scribe book of a letter from Vasily Ivanovich Kalitin 1550-1551:

Yes, in the cries of the village of Rakhin near the bridge on the Matveyevsky half of Domozhyrov, which was beyond Oleksey for Kishkin, the obzha is empty ...

- ^[16]

The scribe book of 1582 mentions the village of Rakhin-Most on the Moscow road on both sides of the Holova River as part of the Listovsky Pogost. ^[17]

From the book of Vasiliev V. L. "Archaic toponymy of the Novgorod land" (p. 220):

village Old Rakhino - at the end of the XV-XVI centuries. called der. Rakhino at the bridge (or Rakhin bridge) Lokotsky pog. near the border with Listovichsky pog. Der toe [NPK II, 17; PKNZ 4, 134, 191; 5, 111, 259], later the oikonim Rakhin bridge appears, in particular, in judicial documents of 1650 [Rebellious time, p. 158, 159, 165] and in a letter from Patriarch Nikon to the Iversky Monastery in 1653 [AI IV, 192].

- ^[18]

In 1776–1796, 1802–1922 the village was located in Krestetsky , and in 1796–1802.1922–1927 - in the Valdai district of the Novgorod province . ^[19]

The large village of Rakhino was marked on maps 1787 ^[20] , 1788 ^[21] (53rd sheet), 1792 ^{[22] [23]} , 1799 ^[24] , 1807 ^[25] , 1808 ^[26] , 1812 ^[27] , 1816 ^[28] , 1821 ^{[29] [30]} , 1829 ^[31] , 1825 ^[32] , 1826-1840 ^[33] , 1837 ^[34] , 1843 ^[35] ; It was located on the Staro-Moskovsky tract, the historical “pillar” road from Petersburg to Moscow. ^[36]

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Rakhinsky volost was formed with its center in the village of Rakhino, occupying the southwestern half of the territory of the modern Novorakhinsky rural settlement . ^[19]

After the opening of the new Moskovskoye Shosse ^[37] in 1834, at its intersection with the old road from Rakhino to the center of the neighboring Kitovskaya volost Lokotsko, mainly from Rakhino, a new village began to be created, called New Rakhino . On the map of 1844 ^[38] of them so far only Rakhino is marked, which later received the name Old .

In the village of Rakhino there was a stone Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary , built in 1837 ^{[39] [40] [41]} in honor of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God , 3 chapels, and a district school .

In 1845, a village school of the Novgorod Chamber of State Property was opened in the village. In 1862, one teacher worked in it and 30 children studied (28 boys and 2 girls).

There was a bread and spare shop, 3 tea shops, a wine shop and other small shops, a forge, and two mills. ^{[6] [42]}

The village of Old Rakhino is considered the birthplace of the handicraft, known as the “ Sacral Line ”. Since the 1860s, local peasant women began to apply special patterns on homespun linen. Inexpensive products were in great demand among buyers, who, in turn, sold them in big cities. Home-based craft The Krestetskaya line did not extend beyond the borders of the Rakhinsky volost only after 1890.

In 1908, the village of Old Rakhino consisted of 256 courtyards with a population of 993 inhabitants. ^[6] The general dynamics of the population of the Rakhin volost in 1909-1917 suggests 1270 people by 1917. ^[43]

In 1911, a postal and telegraph office was opened in the village of Staroe Rakhino ^[44] .

From the article by E. Avdeev about the Rakhin land:

'' At the beginning of the 20th century, there were two mills in Old Rakhin, where they ground grain, made cereals, and linseed oil. The peasants lived prosperously, so most of them actively opposed the new system after the October Revolution.

During the dispossession, many peasants were expelled, and in 1929 there was a big fire that destroyed 120 houses. The appearance of the village has changed a lot - the best buildings have burned down. War of 1941-1945 devastated the village even more. 300 people of Starokhrintsy were sent to the front and 192 people did not return home.

- ^[43]

The prosperous village of Old Rakhino after 1917 gradually fell into demographic and social decline, not only due to the usual causes for Russian villages, such as the Red Terror , the Stalinist repressions , the Great Patriotic War , urbanization , but also as a result of the phased transfer of administrative functions center in New Rakhino , which has a much shorter history. ^[42]

In 1924, the Rakhinsky volost was abolished, Old Rakhino became the center of the Starorakhinsky village council of the Krestetsky volost.

In 1927-1961 in the Krestetsky district there was the Starorakhinsky village council, in 1961 it was included in the Novorakhinsky village council. ^[19]

In 1961-1993 there was a branch of the Amosovsky state farm in Old Rakhino, specializing in the cultivation of potatoes, grain, and, especially, beef cattle breeding. ^{[42] [45]}

In 2009-2011, on the territory of the Novorakhinsky rural settlement , 6 ^[46] objects of the poultry complex of the Belgrankorm-Veliky Novgorod enterprise ^{[47] [48]} were built and launched, which immediately gave hundreds of new jobs and led to serious environmental problems ^{[49 ]} . Old Rakhino and Rakushino mired in flies and a characteristic smell. ^[50] Belgrankorm was harshly criticized. ^[51]

After Belgrankorm took a number of measures, including the correction of waste processing technology, this problem was largely resolved by 2015 ^[52] , however, in 2017, prosecutor’s inspections revealed that Belgrankorm’s activity emitted harmful substances into the air without special permission . ^[53]

Even more complicated was the problem of pollution of water bodies of the Krestetsky region , including the Holova River ^[49] , with waste of organic origin. Due to discharges of industrial waste into Kholova , the river stopped freezing. ^[54]

Inspections of Belgrankorm by Rosprirodnadzor in 2017 revealed a number of violations and led to numerous fines. ^[55]

• The stone Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in 1837. ^[56]

• In 2012-2014, the Church of the Royal Martyrs was built on the eastern outskirts of the village of Old Rakhino. ^[57]

The buses Veliky Novgorod - Somyonka , Kresttsy - Somyonka and Kresttsy - Zelyony Bor come to Old Rakhino. ^{[58] [59]}

There is a library in Old Rakhino (d.115). ^[60]

• Vasiliev, Alexander Filippovich (1902-1984) - Soviet military intelligence officer and military diplomat

• Celebration of the village of Old Rakhino - July 9, in honor of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God . ^{[61] [62]}

• In the spring of 1949, Olga Berggolts came to the village, which was reflected in her diaries ^{[63] [64]} .

• In 1988, director Nikolai Vladimirovich Obukhovich ^[65] shot the film “Life by the Limit” ^{[66] [67]} about the native of the village of Staroe Rakhino, Antonina Pavlovna Razzhivina, who moved to work in Leningrad after the Great Patriotic War . The film was shown on the Central Television of the USSR.

• Sacral line
• Old Rakhino. Chronicle of villages