According to estimates, the Russian language in Romania is owned by 100 to 110 thousand inhabitants.
Content
- 1 Speaking Russian
- 2 Learning Russian in Romania
- 2.1 Problems
- 2.2 Current educational institutions
- 2.3 Retention Attempts
- 3 notes
- 4 References
Russian language speakers
The main group of inhabitants of Romania, knowing Russian is Lipovans , an ethnographic group of Russian Old Believers who, fleeing persecution in the 17th century , moved to Moldova and Romania. In total, from 28 to 36 thousand Lipovans who speak Russian (according to official figures) live in Romania. According to unofficial data from the community, up to 100 thousand people speak Russian. Most Lipovans live in Tulcea County . Another 10 thousand Ukrainian and Moldovan citizens who studied at lyceums also speak Russian. These are mainly Romanian scholars who went to Romania for study and permanent residence. Also in Romania, members of 400 Russian-Romanian families and graduates of Soviet universities of the 1950s live.
Learning Russian in Romania
Problems
On March 10, 1950, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers' Party decided that the party activists and leaders of mass organizations should study the Russian language without fail [1] . Until 1989, in the Socialist Republic of Romania, Russian was one of the compulsory subjects as a foreign language (although in 1963 Russian language lessons in schools became optional [2] ).
After the overthrow of the regime by Nicolae Ceausescu and the beginning of democratic reforms, the Russian language lost state support and gradually began to leave the school curriculum. Even Romanian politicians began to refuse him, and some of them began to claim that they had never studied the Russian language. However, according to the Romanian newspaper “Evenmentul Ziley” (Events of the day), the citizens of socialist Romania needed the Russian language to get an education.
At the moment, in Romania, only 19 and a half thousand students study it, although back in the 1980s the number of students was at least 450 thousand people. Representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in Romania often refuse the Russian language. Nikolay Vikolov, school inspector for national minorities in the Tulcha County, speaks of a constant reduction in the number of Russian students. School education inspector Lidia Rumb claims that the Romanian government is pursuing an unspoken liquidation policy with regard to the Russian language, which will soon lead to the Russian language being stopped in Suceava county (on the border with Ukraine). Bucharest is also experiencing problems: the general school inspector of Bucharest, Christian Alexandrescu, says that many students subsequently stop studying Russian due to the lack of prospects for its use.
Current Institutions
Russian language is studied in primary and secondary classes of rural schools, which are located in the districts of Braila , Tulcha , Botosani and Constanta . Also, the Russian language is studied in three schools and five lyceums of Bucharest , the capital of Romania (as a foreign language). In addition to Lipovan counties and Bucharest, Russian is studied in separate schools in the cities of Braila , Tulce , Iasi , Cluj-Napoca (also in the Lyceum), Suceava and Targovishte . In total, 340 Russian language teachers work in schools and lyceums. In schools, Russian lessons take no more than 3-4 hours a week.
To prepare highly qualified Russian specialists in the country and coordinate the teaching of the Russian language and literature, the University of Bucharest is used, in which more than 170 people study Russian. The department of the Russian language employs 14 qualified teachers with degrees. In addition, a group of students are annually recruited to study the Russian language at the private university of Spiru Haret, as well as at specialized military and police training institutions.
Retention Attempts
Despite the decrease in the number of people wishing to study Russian, the Romanian Association of Russian Language and Literature Teachers, which consists of 35 active members - teachers of Romanian schools, lyceums and universities, plays the main role in maintaining and developing the system of teaching the Russian language and literature in Romania. The Association regularly holds National Olympiads in Russian language and literature, and the Romanian team is a regular participant in the International Olympiads.
In turn, the Romanian side has its quota in Russian universities according to the Protocol on cooperation and exchanges in the field of education. Romanians have the main quota at the State Institute of the Russian Language named after A.S. Pushkin , in which up to 130 students of Romanian universities and Russian language teachers undergo internships annually.
Notes
- ↑ Volokitina T.V., Murashko G.P., Noskova A.F., Pokivailova T.A. Moscow and Eastern Europe. The formation of political regimes of the Soviet type: 1949-1953: Essays on history. - M .: ROSSPEN , 2002 .-- S. 145.
- ↑ Novoseltsev B.S. Yugoslavia, Romania and the construction of the Dzherdap hydroelectric power station (mid-1950s - early 1960s // History, language, culture of Central and Southeast Europe in the national and regional context. On the 60th anniversary of KV Nikiforov. Collection of articles. - M.: Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2016. - C. 269.
Links
- Problems of learning the Russian language in Romania (inaccessible link)