Navya-Nyaya ( Sk . न्याय , “New Nyaya”, “New Method of Reasoning”) is a Bengali school of logic, formed in the 13th century in the framework of the philosophical direction of Nyaya and flourished in Mithil and Bengal until the end of the 19th century [1] . The founder of the school is Gangesha , whose main work is considered to be “Tattvachintamani” (“The wish-fulfilling precious stone of the categories”). The novelty of Navya-Nyai is to modernize the style of controversy and the new layout of the material related to the direction of the argument against mimansa , Vedanta and other philosophical schools that took the place of Buddhist logic after the almost complete disappearance of Buddhism in India, against which the argument of the “old” Nyai was directed.
Comparison with modern logic
The ontology of Navya-Nyai is a consistent realism , so it is not content with purely linguistic analysis, but tries to advance into the realm of relations between things. This means that Navya-Nyaya almost does not consider statements, but seeks to consider facts. Navya-Nyaya does not distinguish between names and descriptions, but “detectable” and “detecting” objects. Instead of using quantifiers (which is typical of European logic systems), Navya-Nyaya prefers the abstraction of properties and the combination of negatives. Representatives of Navya-Nyai had the concept of conjunction , disjunction and their denial, and also knew the consequence of the classes from the De Morgan law [2] .
See also
- Nyaya
- Vaisheshika
- Vedic literature
Literature
- Bimal Krishna Matilal, The Navya-Nyaya Doctrine of the Negation: The National Philosophy (Harvard University Press, 1968) ISBN 0-674-60650-7
- JN Mohanty, Classical Indian Philosophy (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000) ISBN 0-8476-8933-6
- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, et al. [edd], Eastern and Western History of Philosophy: Volume One (George Allen & Unwin, 1952)
Notes
- ↑ Datta, Amaresh. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2 Sahitya Akademi, 1988. ISBN 978-8126011940 . p. 1365.
- ↑ Ingolss D. G. H. Introduction to Indian Logic Navya-Nyaya / Editor-in-Chief V. A. Smirnov. - Moscow : "Science", 1975 . - p. 9. - 239 s. - 2500 copies .