The trial of accomplices of the German occupiers in Krasnodar (1943)

The trial of accomplices of the German occupiers in Krasnodar - a lawsuit on July 14-17, 1943 over a group of Soviet collaborators who took part in war crimes on the territory of Krasnodar and the Krasnodar Territory . The first trial in the USSR in the case of the atrocities of the invaders and their accomplices ^[1] .

Thirteen Soviet citizens appeared in court who served in the auxiliary units of Sonderkommando 10a, mainly in the service of gas vagenes. All roles in the process were described in a memo by V.M. Molotova and A.Ya. Vyshinsky I.V. Stalin dated July 10, 1943 under the heading “Top Secret” (Archive of the Russian Foreign Policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. F. 6 (V. Molotov Secretariat). Op. 4. D. 74. Folder 8. L. 13). Media coverage of the process was supervised by A.Ya. Vyshinsky and G.F. Alexandrov. To prepare for propaganda support, writing brigades were sent to Krasnodar, and in particular writer Alexei Tolstoy, a member of the ChGK. He received the “Indictment in the case of the atrocities of the Nazi invaders and their accomplices on the territory of Krasnodar and the Krasnodar Territory”, signed by L.G. Maltsev and approved by the prosecutor of the USSR V.M. Bochkov (Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI). F. 269. Op. 1. D. 28), however, the Krasnodar process remained the only one about which A.N. Tolstoy did not write anything. The sentence was carried out on July 18 in the city square of Krasnodar in the presence of almost 50 thousand people. Nazi war criminals were first convicted only in December 1943 in Kharkov.

Content

Defendants

Defendants during the announcement of the verdict

The accused of war crimes, in particular, the destruction of Soviet citizens, were 11 arrested German accomplices:

Tishchenko Vasily Petrovich, born in 1914 , a native of the Krasnodar Territory. In August 1942, he voluntarily went to serve in the Krasnodar occupation police, and subsequently was promoted to the post of foreman of the SS-10-A Sonderkommando for excellent service. Subsequently, he became an investigator of the Gestapo , at the same time fulfilling the duties of a secret agent. Together with German Gestapo officers, Tishchenko took part in the raids, arrests, torture and executions of Soviet citizens. The Gestapo investigations conducted by Tishchenko ended in a death sentence or sent to concentration camps for their defendants ^[2] . Tishchenko also took part in the massacres of Soviet citizens in gas chamber ^[3] .
Pushkaryov Nikolay Semenovich, born in 1915 , a native of Dnepropetrovsk . Voluntarily went to serve in the Krasnodar police in August 1942, then was promoted to the post of commander of the unit in the Sonderkommando. He took part in the search, arrests, protection, torture and executions of partisans, Soviet activists and civilians. Pushkaryov also took part in the massacres of Soviet citizens in gas chamber. In early February 1943, during the retreat of German troops from Krasnodar, he participated in the demolition of the building of the city Gestapo, in which there were arrested, which led to the death of the latter ^[3] .
Rechkalov Ivan Anisimovich, born in 1911 , a native of the Chelyabinsk region , was twice sentenced to imprisonment for theft . In August 1942, avoiding mobilization in the Red Army, Rechkalov fled to the Germans, enlisted in the police, and a few days later was transferred to the SS-10-A Sonderkommando. He participated in the identification of partisans and activists, the arrests, guards and killings of Soviet citizens. Rechkalov also took part in the massacres of Soviet citizens in gas chamber ^[3] .
Misan Grigory Nikitich, born in 1916 , a native of the Krasnodar Territory. In August 1942, he volunteered to serve in the police, and was soon transferred to the Sonderkommando. He participated in the arrests, guards, tortures, executions of Soviet citizens. Misan also took part in the massacres of Soviet citizens in gas chamber ^[3] .
Kotomtsev Ivan Fedorovich, born in 1918 , a native of the Kirov region , was previously convicted of hooliganism . In September 1942, he volunteered to serve in the police, in November he was transferred to the Sonderkommando. He participated in the arrests, guards, tortures, and executions of Soviet citizens ^[3] .
Napzok Yunus Mitsukhovich, born in 1914 , a native of the Krasnodar Territory. Voluntarily went to serve in the Sonderkommando, participated in the arrests, guards, tortures, and executions of Soviet citizens ^[3] .
Kladov Ignatius Fedorovich, born in 1911 , a native of the Sverdlovsk region . He volunteered to serve in the Sonderkommando, participated in the arrests, guards, tortures, executions of Soviet citizens, and also served as the secret agent of the Gestapo ^[3] .
Lastovina Mikhail Pavlovich, born in 1883 , a native of the Krasnodar Territory. In 1932 , being a " fist ", he escaped repression, came and got a job as a hospital nurse in Krasnodar. In December 1942, he assisted German forces in the massacre of sixty patients in this hospital ^[3] .
Tuchkov Grigory Petrovich, born in 1909 , a native of the Krasnodar Territory. Voluntarily went to serve in the police, then was transferred to the Sonderkommando. He participated in the raids and arrests of anti-German-minded Soviet citizens ^[3] .
Pavlov Vasily Stepanovich, born in 1914 , a native of Tashkent . Voluntarily enlisted in the Sonderkommando. He participated in the raids and arrests of anti-German-minded Soviet citizens ^[3] .
Paramonov Ivan Ivanovich, born in 1923 , a native of Rostov-on-Don . Voluntarily enlisted in the Sonderkommando. He participated in the raids and arrests of anti-German-minded Soviet citizens ^[3] .

Tishchenko, Rechkalov, Lastovina and Pushkaryov were charged under Art. 58-1 "a" of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, the rest - under Art. 58-1 “b” of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ^[3] .

Progress

Execution of convicts

The open process began on July 14, 1943 in Krasnodar at the Velikan cinema. The trial brought 11 defendants involved in war crimes together with the German invaders. The commander of the 17th German Army, Colonel General R. Ruoff and the head of the Krasnodar Gestapo, Colonel Kristman, who were not present at the trial, were named as leaders of all the crimes committed. Most of the defendants were part of the Sonderkommand formed during the Gestapo ^[2] . In the Krasnodar Territory, for the first time, gas-wagens (gas chambers) were used for mass killings. They executed the arrested Gestapo, patients of the city hospital, as well as many passers-by caught during the raids. In total, about seven thousand inhabitants of Krasnodar and the Krasnodar Territory were destroyed in a similar way ^[4] .

Judged the traitors The Military Tribunal of the North Caucasus Front , headed by Colonel Justice Mayorov. The tribunal included Deputy Mayorova Zakharyants and a member of the tribunal Kostrov. The prosecution was supported by Major General Justice Yachenin. According to the court’s designation, the defendants were defended by lawyers Kaznacheev, Yakunenko and Nazarevsky ^[3] . The court was attended by a number of representatives of the Soviet media, writer Alexei Tolstoy , Heroes of the Soviet Union Pokryshkin and Glinka .

Initially, all the defendants were questioned, and then 22 witnesses of their crimes. Then the conclusion of the forensic medical examination, announced by Dr. Prozorovsky, was presented to the tribunal. Of the exhumed and investigated 623 corpses, 523 died from carbon monoxide poisoning, and in another 100 cases from gunshot wounds. All the defendants pleaded guilty in the last word ^[2] .

Sentence

On the basis of Articles 319 and 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR, as well as being guided by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 19, 1943 , on July 17, 1943, a military tribunal sentenced Tishchenko, Rechkalov, Pushkarev, Naptsok, Misan, Kotomtsev, Kladov and Lastovin to death by hanging . Paramonov, Tuchkov and Pavlov were sentenced to 20 years of hard labor ^[3] . The verdict was greeted with thunderous applause from those present in the hall ^[2] .

The sentence was carried out on July 18, 1943 at 13 o’clock in the central square of Krasnodar. The area was attended by about 50 thousand people ^[2] .

1963 Process

Twenty years later, in the fall of 1963, an open trial was held in Krasnodar over nine other functionaries of the Sonderkommando 10-A: Weikh, Skripkin, Yeskov, Sukhov, Surguladze, Zhirukhin, Buglak, Dzampaev and Psarev. On October 24, all the defendants were sentenced to death. ^[five]

Notes

↑ Anatoly Ushakov. No statute of limitations (Russian) . Krasnodar news (July 12, 2008). Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ N. Mayorov. Krasnodar process (Russian) . [1] . Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁴ The verdict (Russian) . Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.
↑ Olga Smolnova. July 1943: the case of Krasnodar murderers (Russian) . Labor (June 8, 2011). Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.
↑ Ginzburg L.V. Abyss. - M.: Soviet writer, 1967.

Links

Newsreel "The Verdict of the People" , 1943 on YouTube .
Materials of the Krasnodar process .

[ки-1] Anatoly Ushakov. No statute of limitations (Russian) . Krasnodar news (July 12, 2008). Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.

[мг-2] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ N. Mayorov. Krasnodar process (Russian) . [1] . Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.

[приговор-3] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁴ The verdict (Russian) . Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.

[труд-4] Olga Smolnova. July 1943: the case of Krasnodar murderers (Russian) . Labor (June 8, 2011). Date of treatment June 28, 2011. Archived on August 12, 2012.

[5] Ginzburg L.V. Abyss. - M.: Soviet writer, 1967.