Charter of Vladimir Vsevolodovich

The Charter of Vladimir Vsevolodovich ( dr. Russian Charter Volodymyr Vsevolodich ) - the ancient Russian code of laws of Vladimir Monomakh , included in the Spatial edition of Russian Truth . He composed the second part of the Universe Truth and included 69 articles (Articles 53–121 of the Universe Truth). Presumably it was created in response to the Kiev uprising of 1113, which arose as a reaction to the aggravation of social inequality in Ancient Russia .

A. A. Zimin believed that the title with the name of Vladimir Vsevolodovich originally referred directly to Art. 53. Only later did the compilers of legal collections refer it to the entire second half of the Universe of Truth, therefore it is placed as an independent chapter in Kormchikh and Meryl the Righteous (thus, Russian Truth in many collections is presented as two separate chapters) ^[1] ^[2] .

Content

Composition

If the heading “The Charter of Volodymyr Vsevolodich” extended to the entire second half of the Wide Truth, then this charter included the novel of Vladimir Monomakh (art. 53) in the Charter on cuts (loan interest), the resolution on the bankruptcy of the merchant and on debt (art. 54–55) , Procurement Charter (Articles 56–66), additional articles and articles from the laws of Yaroslav and his sons, which were not included in the first half of the Universe of Truth (Articles 67–89), section on inheritance (Articles 90–109), in including separate “lessons” to princely officials (Articles 96, 97, 107-109) and the Charter on Serfs (Articles 110-121) ^[1] .

In accordance with the Charter, debt settlements have changed. It was forbidden to take more than 20% per annum for the debt provided. These provisions of the "Charter" limited the arbitrariness of usurers. The “Charter” contained new provisions on facilitating the plight of smerds , purchases , rank and file , and slaves . So, the sources of slavery were clearly defined: self-sale as serfdom, transition to the status of serfdom of a person who married a servant without a corresponding contract, and also entering the service of the master as a tyun without freedom specially stipulated in this case. A serf who escaped from the master became a serf. If he left in search of the money necessary to repay the debt, he could not be done as a slave. In all other cases, attempts to enslave free people were stopped, which testified to the development of the social system. It was forbidden to turn into a slave a person who received a loan of bread or any other “summer house”. It was forbidden to beat procurement without fault. The purchase was no longer responsible for the loss of the property of the owner, if it was not his fault. But on the other hand, it was the owner who determined the degree of his guilt ^[1] .

Value

The provisions of the Charter temporarily reduced social tension in society. It is believed that the Charter of Vladimir Monomakh was a direct reaction to the uprising of 1113. This set of laws made it possible to smooth out the most obvious contradictions of the emerging social system, since the restriction of usury and landowner power were concessions to the lower classes.

Notes

↑ ¹ ² ³ Monuments of Russian law. M .: Gosyurizdat, 1952. Issue. 1: Monuments of law of the Kiev state of the X – XII centuries. / ed. S.V. Yushkova ; comp. A.A. Zimin . S. 161-189.
↑ Zimin A.A. True Russian. M.: Drevoshilishche, 1999. Chapter Three. The Universe Truth and Reforms of Vladimir Monomakh .

Sources

Goetz LK Das Russische Recht (Russkaja Pravda) . - Stuttgart: Enke, 1910-1913.—
- Bd. III. Die dritte Redaktion des Russischen Rechtes . - 1912. - 488 s.
- Bd. IV. Die dritte Redaktion des Russischen Rechtes, als literarisches Denkmal und als Rechtsurkunde . - 1913. - 239 s.
True Russian / Edited by Academician B. D. Grekov . - M .; L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1940-1963. -
- T. I: Texts / Prep. to print V.P. Lyubimov et al. - 1940. - 505 p.
- T. III: Facsimile reproduction of texts. - 1963. - 471 p.
Russian Pravda (Wide Edition) / Preparation of the text, translation and comments by M. B. Sverdlov // Library of literature of Ancient Russia. [Electronic Edition] / Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) RAS . - T. 4: XII century.

Literature

True Russian / Edited by Academician B. D. Grekov. - M .; L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1940-1963. -
- T. II: Comments / Comp. B. V. Alexandrov et al. - 1947. - 862, [1] p.
Tikhomirov M.N. Research on Russian Truth. - M. - L, 1941.
Monuments of Russian law. M .: Gosyurizdat, 1952. Issue. 1: Monuments of law of the Kiev state of the X – XII centuries. / ed. S.V. Yushkova ; comp. A.A. Zimin .
Cherepnin L. V. Socio-political relations in Ancient Russia and Russian Truth. - The collection "The Old Russian State and its international significance." - Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1965 .-- 477 p.
Zimin A.A. True Russian. M.: Wood Storage, 1999. Chapter Three. The Universe Truth and Reforms of Vladimir Monomakh .
Dovidnik z istorії Ukrainy / Ed. I. Pidkov and R. Shust. - Kiev: Genesis , 1993.
Gaidai L. History of Ukraine in persons, terms, names and understandings. - Lutsk : Vezha, 2000.