Heat supply scheme

In the USSR , heat supply schemes for settlements were developed as part of the planned economy by design organizations defined by the Gosstroy of the Union republics and were considered and approved in the manner determined by the Councils of Ministers of the Union Republics. At the same time, the governing documents required the developers of the schemes to streamline the further heat supply of settlements, to eliminate the unreasonableness of building small boiler houses in order to save fuel and reduce the number of staff. ^[2]

The schemes were developed and used for the design and construction of heat sources and networks of most large settlements, in particular, Leningrad and Moscow . However, the validity of the developed heat supply schemes expired in the 1990s, new schemes have not been developed for a long time ^[3] . ^[4] As the reasons are called the decrease in the total demand for thermal energy, thermal power and, as a consequence, the lack of need for new sources of thermal energy in the 1990s and 2000s. At the same time, due to the general growth of the economy by 2007, in some regions the demand for heat and power returned to the 1990 level , and therefore there was a need for the development of existing heat supply systems ^[5] .

In accordance with the Federal Law “On Heat Supply”, the approval of requirements for heat supply schemes, the procedure for their development and approval are within the competence of the Government of the Russian Federation . The indicated requirements are not currently approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, however, the following norms are directly contained in the law ^[1] :

• approval of heat supply schemes for settlements , urban districts with a population of five hundred thousand people or more, as well as cities of federal significance of Moscow and St. Petersburg, is carried out by the federal executive body;
• approval of heat supply schemes of settlements , urban districts with a population of less than five hundred thousand people is carried out by local authorities of these settlements and districts;
• The scheme should contain information about the Unified Heat Supply Organization for the respective territory;
• the scheme should determine the sources of heat supply, their load, collaboration schedules and temperature schedules;
• the scheme determines the radius of effective heat supply , beyond which the connection of consumers is impractical.

In addition, the heat supply scheme should contain measures for the development of the heat supply system , in particular, measures for the conversion of boiler rooms to work in the mode of combined generation of heat and electric energy , as well as, if necessary, measures for the conservation of excess heat capacities.

In terms of ensuring safety, heat supply schemes should provide for redundancy of the heat supply system , survivability, and ensuring uninterrupted operation of heat sources and heating networks.

The requirements for heat supply schemes, the procedure for their development and approval were approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 154 of 02.22.2012.

Town-planning legislation provides for schemes for the planned placement of capital construction projects of local importance, including heat supply facilities, within the boundaries of a settlement, urban district. ^[6]

However, the heat supply scheme is not a territorial planning document; the layout of heat supply facilities, as well as other layouts of capital construction facilities, is taken into account when developing a heat supply scheme for the corresponding territory. ^[one]

The heat supply scheme is used for the following main purposes: ^[1]

• determination of the heat supplying organization obliged to conclude a heat supply agreement with the consumer (Unified heat supplying organization);
• determination of the possibility of connecting to the heat supply networks of the capital construction facility and the organization, which is obliged, if there is a technical possibility, to make such a connection;
• the measures stipulated by the scheme for the development of the heat supply system are included in the investment program of the heat supplying organization and, as a result, can be included in the corresponding tariff for organizing the communal complex .

• Federal Law of July 27, 2010 N 190-ФЗ "On Heat Supply"
• RD-10-VEP “Methodological basis for the development of heat supply schemes for settlements and industrial units of the Russian Federation” (It was put in place to replace the canceled Standard “Heat supply schemes for cities and industrial centers” of 1992)
• “Guidelines for the development of heat supply schemes” Approved by a joint Order of the Ministry of Energy and Gosstroy