Xenusia [2] ( lat. Xenusia ) is a group of fossil invertebrates of the type of onyhophore [3] , traditionally regarded as a class of the Lobopoda type (Lobopoda) [4] . Known from marine sediments with ediacaria by the Carboniferous period . Representatives had a small cylindrical body, from which several pairs of knob -covered limbs departed [4] [5] [6] . The extremities of one of the xenus species ( Diania cactiformis ), apparently, were sclerotized [7] .
| † Xenus | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Plastic model Aysheaia pedunculata | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Xenusia Dzik et Krumbiegel, 1989 [1] | |||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Taxonomy
The first descriptions of the representatives were made at the beginning of the 20th century, but the class was allocated only in 1989 by Jerzy Dzik and Günther Krumbiel [1] . Since 2011, xenusia has been considered as a paraphyletic group with respect to arthropods [7] .
Classification
The group includes the following orders and families [5] [8] :
- Archonychophora Hou et Bergstrom, 1995
- Luolishaniidae Hou et Bergstrom, 1995
- Paronychophora Hou et Bergstrom, 1995
- Onychodictyidae Hou et Bergstrom, 1995
- Protonychophora Hutchinson, 1930
- Aysheaiidae Walcott, 1911
- Xenusiidae Dzik et Krumbiegel, 1989
- Scheronychophora Hou et Bergstrom, 1995
- Eoconchariidae Hou et Shu, 1987
- Hallucigeniidae Conway Morris, 1977
- Cardiodictyidae Hou et Bergstrom, 1995
- Siberiida Dzik, 2011
- Siberiidae Dzik, 2011
See also
- Collinsium ciliosum
- Diania cactiformis
- Hallucigenia
- Xenusion auerswaldae
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Dzik, J., Krumbiegel, G. (1989). The oldest 'onychophoran' Xenusion : a link connecting phyla? Lethaia 22 (2): 169-181. DOI : 10.1111 / j.1502-3931.1989.tb01679.x . (eng.)
- ↑ Porcine whales, four-winged dinosaurs, running worms ... / Zhuravlev A. - M .: Lomonosov, 2015. - P. 39. - ISBN 978-5-91678-260-8 .
- ↑ Martin R. & Smith Javier Ortega-Hernández. Hallucigenia ’s onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda (Eng.) // Nature: journal. - 2014. - Vol. 514 , no. 7522 . - P. 363-366 . - DOI : 10.1038 / nature13576 . - PMID 25132546 . (English) (Verified February 24, 2016) .
- ↑ 1 2 Liu, J., Shu, D., Han, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang X. (2006). A large xenusiid lobopod with complex appendages from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (2): 215–222. Text (English) (Verified March 18, 2011) .
- ↑ 1 2 Poinar, G. (2000). Fossil onychophorans from Dominican and Baltic amber: Tertiapatus dominicanus n. g., n. sp. (Tertiapatidae n. Fam.) And Succinipatopsis balticus n. g., n. sp. (Succinipatopsidae n. Fam.) With a proposed classification of the subphylum Onychophora. Invertebrate Biology 119 (1): 104-109. DOI : 10.1111 / j.1744-7410.2000.tb00178.x .
- ↑ Monge-Nájera, J., Hou, X. (2002). Experimental taphonomy of velvet worms (Onychophora) and implications for the Cambrian "explosion, disparity and decimation" model. Revista de Biología Tropical 50 (3-4): 1133–1138. Text Archive dated June 29, 2011 on the Wayback Machine (English) (Retrieved March 18, 2011) .
- ↑ 1 2 Liu, J., Steiner, M., Dunlop, JA, Keupp, H., Shu, D., Ou, Q., Han, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X. (2011). An armored Cambrian lobopodian from China with arthropod-like appendages. Nature 470 : 526-530. DOI : 10.1038 / nature09704 (English)
- Dzik, J. (2011). The xenusian-to-anomalocarid transition within the lobopodians. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 50 (1): 65–74. Text (Eng.)