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Orange Free State Flag

The flag of the Orange Free State was developed in 1856 and officially approved on February 23, 1857 [1] on the third anniversary of the signing of the convention proclaiming the Orange Free State .

Orange Free State Flag
Republic of Orange
Flag of the Orange Free State.svg
Approved byFebruary 23, 1857
CanceledMay 31, 1902
Proportion2: 3

The flag is alternating horizontal orange and white stripes (three orange and four white, white stripes on the outside) with the image in the free part of the flag of the Netherlands (originally used by the Boer movements in Graaff-Rheinet and Svelendand in 1795).

Also, this flag was depicted vertically in the center of the national flag of the Republic of South Africa (1928-1994).

See also

  • List of South African Flags
  • Transvaal flag
  • Flag of the Republic of Natal

Notes

Links

Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orange_Free_State_Optional flag&oldid = 88811615



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Trompovsky, Edmund von
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Trompovsky, Edmund von

Edmund von Trompovsky ( German: Edmund von Trompowsky , Latvian. Edmunds fon Trompovskis ; March 16 (28), 1851 , Riga - January 19, 1919 , Riga ) - a civil engineer , architect , author of a large number of residential buildings in the center of Riga - on the territory Boulevard ring . [one]

Edmund von Trompovsky
EvT Portrait.jpg
Architect
Edmund Trompovsky
Basic information
A countryRussian flag Russian empire
Date of Birthor
Place of BirthRiga , Lifland Province , Russian Empire
Date of death
Place of deathRiga , Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
Works and achievements
StudyRiga Polytechnic ,
Petersburg Construction School (1878)
Worked in citiesVitebsk , Riga
Architectural styleeclectic , modern ,
neo-renaissance
Major buildingsAbout 100 residential buildings in the center of Riga

Content

Curriculum Vitae

Edmund Trompovsky was the first of five children in the family of wealthy Riga burghers - Edmund and Rosalia Trompovsky.

On the maternal line, his clan ascended to the illustrious family of barons Wrangel , whose representatives, natives of Sweden , settled in Estland and Livonia.

 
Coat of arms of Trompovsky
on his house - Citadeles, 2

The tombstone of one of the members of the family with an epitaph is located on the territory of the old Dome cemetery.

The old house of the Trompovskys family went out to the Vermanes Park , where the childhood of little Edmund, his brothers and sisters, passed.

The sudden death of the head of the family predetermined several years of poverty and want. Edmund Trompovsky earned money by ancillary work and tutoring .

Start a creative journey

 
Riga , Tizengausen house, 21 Elizabetes street .
Photo: November 2013

In 1871, Edmund Trompovsky entered the Faculty of Architecture at the Riga Polytechnic (Das Baltische Polytechnikum zu Riga). Additional vocational training acquired in the Petersburg Construction School .

In 1878 he received the diploma of civil engineer.

The management of the Department of Engineers of Livonia sends a young specialist to Vitebsk province .

In 1879 , after returning to Riga, Edmund Trompovsky, on behalf of shipbuilders and serf engineers, is engaged in research of the seabed at the Ust-Dvinskaya fortress . At the same time, she takes an active part in the preparatory work for the construction of the Tukkum - Windau railway line.

Own architectural bureau

In 1880 , after a short period of engineering activity, Trompovsky decided to open his own architectural office. Subsequently, the architectural workshop of Trompovsky became one of the main offices in the design of the new center of Riga.

In the workshop of the architect worked, educated in the Riga Polytechnic, Gerhard von Tiesenhausen and Herbert Timmer , who after practicing in the Trompovsky bureau, made an independent contribution to the architecture of Riga. [2]

The fame and reputation of an architect with a good taste, Edmund Trompovskiy brought an apartment house belonging to the descendants of the old Ostsee noble family of Tiesenhausen , built in 1883 . This colorful and in our day building with small refined turrets (in modern Riga - the building of the hotel Monika) was located at the intersection of Elizavetinskaya street and the First Vygonnoy dam.

In this house in the family of a lawyer in 1891, a well-known representative of the poetic world of the Silver Age , the last love of Alexander Alexandrovich Blok , a well-known activist of the Russian émigrés in France , a member of the Resistance Movement - Elizaveta Yurievna Pylenko [3] was born .

Elizaveta Yurievna Pilenko gained fame in the world of Russian literature under the name Elizaveta Kuzmina-Karavaeva, and in the European and religious tradition, as Mother Mary .

The building, richly decorated with a number of bright architectural details and similar to a romantic medieval castle, was built in neo - gothic style. This house is still dominant at the intersection of major streets.

The first six-story houses

  External images
View from the window Anthonyas, 10
on albert street
 Photo from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  • In 1896, the first Riga six-story apartment building was built according to the design of Edmund Trompovsky. It is located at Lachplesha street (formerly Romanovskaya), 17.
  • Two years later, in 1898 , saw the light of the second six-story residential building of a new type, at 10 Antonyas Street . The house is located at the end of Albert Street .
    From the windows of this house made "classic" photos of Albert Street , published in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia . From here there opens a panorama of houses created in the heyday of Riga modernity , created by architect M. O. Eisenstein in the beginning of the 20th century. [four]
    There lived in this house: Soviet artist-architect V.S. Lukyanov [5] , famous painter Ya. A. Pauluks [6] , after the war, the family of Father Nil Ushakov , the mayor of Riga since 2009, lived here [7] .
  • In 1900, a six-story house was built with a shop on Bruninieku Street , 22.
  • The six-story apartment house on Skolas street (house 13, 1901 ).
  • The six-storey building with a shop at the corner of Yekaba street and Smilshu street ( Yekaba street, 2/4, 1893 ). Currently in this house is a bank.
  • On Cesu Street , 43, a six-story apartment building with a shop, 1910 .
  • The six-story apartment building with a shop, Blaumanya Street , 6, 1912 .
  • The four-storey building of the Jewish club and theater is Skolas Street, 6, 1914 . Now it is the home of the Riga Jewish community.
  • The architect’s own house with an architectural studio, which is decorated with two coats of arms of the Von Trompovskiy family. Street Citadeles , 2, 1914 .

The period of rational modernity

  • From 1904 to 1908, it is possible to call the “silent” period in the works of Edmund Trompovsky. The eclectic style in which the master worked already seemed to the general public to be too strict, uncreative and dogmatic. Eclecticism has given way to daring modernity . Soon and modern, with a deliberate desire for excessive decoration, fades into the background - a rational start wins a convincing victory, and the year 1908 became the watershed between these stylistic methods.
  • After a period of creative “lull”, in 1908, new projects by Edmund Trompovsky appeared. This late period of the master's creative activity was carried out in the light of rational modernism , which gained incredible popularity in Riga - most of the houses in the central part of the city were built using elements of this architectural direction.
  • In total, about 100 residential buildings were built by the architect Trompovsky in Riga. A wooden house built according to his project has been preserved in the Riga region of Pävinje , in the wooden building quarter on Kalnciema Street - house 25a ( 1899 ).
  • Of industrial objects, the building of the Livonia brewery ( 1898 ), located at 231 Maskavas Street , should be noted.

Notes

  1. Trompovsky, Edmund von // Encyclopedia "Riga", 1989, - P. 412,444. - ISBN 5-89960-002-0 .
  2. Krastins JA. Art Nouveau style in the architecture of Riga. - Moscow: stroiizdat, 1988. - ISBN 5-274-00691-4 . - S. 260.
  3. Elizabeth from Elizabetes Street
  4. Photo from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd edition).
  5. Lukyanov, Vladimir Sergeevich - ARTRU info.
  6. Zigurds Konstants Jānis Pauļuks Monogrāfija. - Riga: autorizdevums, 2006. - 464 p. - ISBN 978-9984-39-130-4 , ISBN 9984-39-130-2 .
  7. Official site of the mayor of Riga - Nil Ushakov (rus.) (Latvian)

Literature

  • Encyclopedia "Riga". - Riga: Main edition of encyclopedias, 1989. - 890 p. - pp. 412, 444. - ISBN 5-89960-002-0 .
  • Andreeva N.S. The Baltic Germans and Russian government policy at the beginning of the 20th century. - SPb. : Mir, 2008.
  • Jānis Krastiņš . Rīgas arhitektūras meistari. SIA JLV 2002 ISBN 9984-05-450-0 (Latvian)
  • Krastins J.A. Style Modern in the architecture of Riga. Moscow, stroiizdat, 1988. ISBN 5-274-00691-4
  • Jānis Krastiņš, Ivars Strautmanis “Riga. The Complete Guide to Architecture; Rīga, Projekts 2004 ISBN 9984-9687-0-7 (eng.)
  • Riga. Pilsētas attīstība, 1997–2001. - Riga. City Development, 1997—2001. - Riga. Rīgas dome, 2001. ISBN 9984-592-93-6 (Latvian) , (eng.)

Links

Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trompovsky,_Edmund_fonnoldid101249953



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Per semper
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Chikovani, Vakhtang Vladimirovich
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Chikovani, Vakhtang Vladimirovich

Vakhtang Vladimir Chikovani ( August 2, 1919 , Tbilisi - March 1, 1944 , Cherkasy region ) - Hero of the Soviet Union , head of the chemical service of the 861st Infantry Regiment ( 294th Infantry Division , 52nd Army , 2nd Ukrainian Front ), senior lieutenant .

Vakhtang Vladimirovich Chikovani
cargo. ვახტანგ ვლადიმერის ძე ჩიქოვანი
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Date of deathMarch 1, 1944 ( 1944-03-01 )
Place of deathVodyaniki village, Zvenigorod district , Cherkasy region , Ukrainian SSR , USSR
Affiliation the USSR
Ranksenior lieutenant Senior lieutenant
Battles / warsThe Great Patriotic War
Awards and prizes
Hero of the Soviet Union - 1944
Order of Lenin - 1944Order of the Red BannerOrder of the Patriotic War II degreeOrder of the Red Star

Content

Biography

Born on August 2, 1919 in Tbilisi (Georgia) in the family of an employee. Georgian.

He graduated from 3 courses of state university.

In the Red Army since 1941. He graduated from the Military Academy of Chemical Protection in 1942 [1] . In the army - since July 1942.

The chief of the chemical service of the 861st rifle regiment, a candidate member of the CPSU (b) , senior lieutenant Vakhtang Chikovani distinguished himself in battles in December 1943 - February 1944. In the December battles of 1943 for the liberation of the city of Cherkasy ( Ukraine ), Chikovani, on his own initiative, led the infantry unit and stormed the building of the Palace of Pioneers - a powerful enemy stronghold.

In February 1944, replacing the out-of-order company commander, Lieutenant Ukolov, with a group of ten soldiers quietly crossed the melted ice across the Ros river in the vicinity of the village of Steblev (Korsun-Shevchenkovsky district, Cherkasy region). The group went to the rear of the Nazis and suddenly attacked the enemy. A hand-to-hand fight ensued. Taking advantage of this, dispersed, the company crossed the ice to the opposite shore and forced the enemy to retreat. In this battle, the Nazis lost about a company of soldiers, 60 people surrendered. In pursuit of the enemy, the company liberated two settlements.

In the battle for the village of Vodianiki (Zvenigorod district of Cherkasy region) , he died on March 1, 1944 from a fragment of an enemy mine.

He was buried in the village of Vodyaniki, Zvenigorod district, Cherkasy region. An obelisk is installed on the grave.

Rewards

  • By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 13, 1944, for the courage, bravery and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Vakhtang Vladimirovich, senior lieutenant Chikovani, was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union .
  • He was awarded the Orders of Lenin , Red Banner , World War 2 degree, Red Star , medals.

Memory

  • At the site of the battles in the village of Yablonovka, a memorial sign was installed in honor of the soldiers of the company and stele with a portrait of the Hero.
  • A memorial plaque is installed on the building of the Palace of Pioneers in Cherkasy.
  • In the city of Cherkasy and the village of Steblev , streets are named after him.
  • On the territory of Cherkasy school No. 12, the pioneer squad of which bore the name of the Hero, in 1980 a bust of V. V. Chikovani was installed (authors - sculptor S. I. Grabovsky, architect V. A. Pronin) [2] .

Notes

Sources

  • Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov . - M .: Military Publishing , 1988. - T. 2 / Love - Yashchuk /. - 863 s. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00536-2 .
  • Heroes-liberators of Cherkasy. - Dnepropetrovsk: Promin, 1980.

Links

Chikovani, Vakhtang Vladimirovich . Site " Heroes of the country ".

Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Chikovani_Vakhtang_Vladimirovich&oldid = 100325648



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Princess Fiona
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Princess fiona

Princess Fiona - a character from the animation films Shrek , Shrek 2 , Shrek the Third , Shrek forever . Voiced by Cameron Diaz , songs performed by Renee Sands from Kids Incorporated and Wild Orchid .

Princess fiona
Princess fiona
Princess Fiona.jpg
Universe
AppearancesShrek , Shrek: Honeymoon , Shrek 2 , Shrek the Third , Shrek frost, green nose , Shrek: Horror stories , Shrek forever
Creatorand
Executionand
Information
Floorfemale
RelativesHusband: Shrek
Children: Fergus, Farkle and Felicia
Father: King Harold (died)
Mother: Queen Lilian
Cousin: Arthur Pendragon
Father-in-law: nameless (deceased)
Mother-in-law: nameless (died)

Shrek

Fiona is the only daughter of King Harold and Queen Lillian, the rulers of the Far Far Away Kingdom. As a child, a curse was imposed on her, because of which her parents were forced to take her out of the kingdom and lock her in an isolated castle, guarded by a huge dragon. According to the canons, she had to be rescued from there by the Beautiful Prince.

In the first film, Lord Farquad sends an ogre named Shrek to save Fiona in order to marry her without risking his own life. At the first appearance, she is very upset that she was saved not by the Prince Charming, but by the ogre and the fact that the one who wants to marry her did not save her himself.

At first, she even refuses to go to Farquad Castle, but in the end she becomes more friendly with the Donkey and even gradually begins to feel feelings for Shrek, as they find out that they have more in common than they first thought, because both seem and are trying to be who are not. Fiona begins to doubt whether Lord Farquad is her true love. The donkey and the Dragon that guarded Fiona later also fall in love.

In the course of the film, the essence of the curse of Fiona is revealed: at night it turns into an ogre. It is likely that the God Fairy herself did this for the sake of fulfilling her plan to capture the throne, but nothing concrete is said about this in the films. Nevertheless, Fiona is in a hurry to marry Farquhad because of a curse, ready to sacrifice her feelings for Shrek for his destruction.

The donkey, checking Fiona at night, discovers her in the form of an ogre, and she tells him about the curse. Shrek, overhearing part of the conversation, when Fiona says: “Is it possible to love such a terrible monster?”, I thought that she was talking about him. Holding a grudge, Shrek hands Fion to Lord Farquhad, and Fiona agrees to go with him, as she is upset by Shrek's behavior, although she does not at all think she likes Farquad.

Later, when the Donkey tells Shrek that she was not talking about him, but “about someone else,” Shrek bursts into the wedding and stops her. Not having time to get a Farquad kiss before sunset, Fiona turns into an ogre. Shrek kisses her and she turns into an ogre forever. Expecting to become a man, Fiona is upset, but Shrek reassures her, saying that she is so beautiful, and the happy ogres get married. In the end, they have a big party, after which Fiona and Shrek go on their honeymoon, from which the second film begins.

Shrek 2

In the second part, Fiona tries to convince Shrek to meet her parents, who are the king and queen in the Far Far Away, similar to Hollywood. The meeting does not turn out in the best way, since it is disgusting for King Harold to have an ogre as a son-in-law, and Shrek despises his father-in-law for locking his own daughter in a castle with a dragon.

The suddenly-revealed godmother who Fiona had not known before, when she sees her goddaughter, decides that she is still under the spell, but soon with horror discovers that Fiona married an ogre. She comes up with a plan to kill Shrek so that her son, Prince Chaming, can marry her.

It turns out that she had a plan, according to which Prince Chaming was to save Fiona and marry her. It was the king’s gratitude for the service she had once given him. Fiona temporarily becomes a man after Shrek drank the drug “Long and Happily,” which acts not only on the one who drank, but also on his true love, making them more beautiful. So that the effect will remain forever, Fiona must kiss her love before midnight.

The Fairy Godmother forces Harold to give her daughter a potion, after drinking which, she will fall in love with the first whom she kisses. Her plan fails, because Harold, seeing how much Fiona loves Shrek, and how disgusted to her by her snobbery Chaming, does not give her a potion. As a result, when Shrek wants to kiss Fiona, she stops him and says that she wants to live happily ever after with the huge man she married, after which they both return to their former state.

Shrek the Third

In part 3, Fiona has to take on the role of queen while her father is ill. When he dies, Shrek has to look for her cousin Arthur (or just Artie). She also tells Shrek that she is pregnant, which she hinted at from the start of the film. Meanwhile, Chaming organizes an uprising to declare himself king.

Fiona organizes resistance with her friends Cinderella , Snow White , Sleeping Beauty , Rapunzel and Doris, a terrible half-sister, but Rapunzel betrays them to marry Prince the Beautiful. Thanks to mother Fiona, who, it turns out, fights well, they organize an escape. Artie calls on the people to fight. In the end, Fiona gives birth to triplets: sons Fergus and Farkl and daughter Felicia.

This is the first part of the series, where Fiona was not shown in the image of a man.

Shrek forever

In the fourth part, Fiona at first enjoys family life with Shrek, not noticing his growing discontent with the routine. As a result, at the triplets' birthday celebration, Shrek breaks down and even tells Fiona that he’d better never save her, than offends her very much.

In an alternative reality, in which Shrek never existed, Fiona did not wait for salvation for years in the tower and as a result she escaped. Her parents were destroyed by the magic of Rumplestiltskin, and the kingdom under his rule turned into hell. Therefore, in this reality, Fiona appears a little cynical and disappointed in love, as well as still damned (although her ogre subordinates consider the human form to be a curse). Puss in boots became her pet and became so overwhelmed by her courtship that he looked like a ball.

Shrek gradually conquers her again, and in the last moments before disappearing, she finally gets her a kiss of love, restoring reality.

In human form, Fiona is shown here, but only sporadically, in a scene demonstrating the essence of her curse.

Character Ratings

This character is an analogue of the main characters of such fairy tales as Sleeping Beauty , Snow White , Cinderella , Beauty and the Beast (also known as classic Disney cartoons), exactly the opposite, parodies the image of the classic “ Disney princess[1] . The image of Fiona largely redefines gender stereotypes. A princess who turns into a “monster” - a giantess - is a clear rejection of the girl’s socialization scheme as a passive, dependent being awaiting her “prince”, in particular, described in Colette Dowling. The Cinderella Complex of 1981 [2] . This has much in common with the struggle of the feminist movement against the cult of beauty [3] .

Ratings

In a vote held in 2009 by Komsomolskaya Pravda for the sexiest cartoon of beauty (similar to the British one), Princess Fiona took 7th place (giving way to Lila from Futurama , but ahead of Disney's Snow White ), gaining 4.67% of the vote [4] . Mikhail Popov in the comic rating of fantastic couples in love in “ Fantasy World ” put Princess Fiona and Shrek in first place for “honest relations of the funniest and most romantic heroes of the most famous animation project” [5] .

Impact

On November 29, 2010, Princess Fiona was declared the godmother of the Allure of the Seas cruise ship (as part of a partnership between the owners of the ship, Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., and the DreamWorks film studio) [6] .

Notes

  1. Rebecca-Anne C Do Rozario. The Princess and the Magic Kingdom: Beyond Nostalgia; - Spring 2004. - Vol. 27, 1; GenderWatch (GW) . - p . 34 . Archived on May 28, 2010.
  2. Katherine A. Fowkes. Ch. Свойства траекторий полюсов Редже Архивная копия от 22 марта 2014 на Wayback Machine // Успехи физических наук . — 1970. — Т. 102. — № 9. — С. 87—104.
  3. 1 2 Бернауэр, Я., Поль Р. Проблема радиуса протона Архивная копия от 9 апреля 2014 на Wayback Machine // В мире науки . — 2014. — № 4. — С. 4. — ISSN 0208-0621
  4. Электромагнитные взаимодействия и структура элементарных частиц / ред. А. М. Балдин. — М: Мир, 1969. — 327 с.
  5. Широков, 1972 , с. 484.
  6. Широков, 1972 , с. 44.
  7. Широков, 1972 , с. 329.
  8. Гинзбург В. Л. О перспективах развития физики и астрофизики в конце XX века // Физика XX века: развитие и перспективы. — М., Наука, 1984. — с. 308
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  11. Scientists Find That Saturn's Rotation Period is a Puzzle . NASA (June 28, 2004). Дата обращения 22 марта 2007. Архивировано 21 августа 2011 года.
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  13. Open Questions, Cosmology and Astrophysics, item 11
  14. Ferrarese, Laura & Merritt, David, " A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies ", The Astrophysical Journal Т. 539: L9-L12 , < http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...539L...9F > . Проверено 10 марта 2011.  
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  16. newscientistspace item 3
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  26. Open Questions, Condensed Matter and Nonlinear Dynamics, item 2
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  28. Open Questions, Condensed Matter and Nonlinear Dynamics
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