Brock, Olaf

Olaf Brock was born in 1867 in Horten ( Norway ), in 1893 he graduated from the University of Christiania ( Oslo ), from 1896 he was an assistant professor at the University of Christiania , from 1902 - professor. He studied Slavic studies at the University of Leipzig , came to Russia , where he attended lectures by Russian scientists: A. A. Shakhmatov and F. F. Fortunatov ^[2] (later became a student of Fortunatov, a follower of the Moscow (Fortunatov) linguistic school ^{[3] [4]} ), as well as lectures by historian V.O. Klyuchevsky . He studied Slavic dialects in Russia , Serbia , on the territory of modern Slovakia . He worked at the Moscow Dialectological Commission ^[5] . Translated Russian literature into Norwegian ^[2] . In 1916 he was elected a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ^[6] . In 1923, he released the book Proletariatets diktatur. Seet og tænkt fra forsommeren 1923 ( Proletarian dictatorship ), published in Oslo , as well as in a Swedish translation in 1924 in Stockholm and in French in 1925 ^[7] (Russian translation came out in 2018 ^[8] ), which set out its impressions of visiting Russia in 1923 ^[9] . Olaf Brock also studied history , he was a member of the Special Committee for the Study of Soviet Archives Relating to the Relations of the Scandinavian Countries with Russia (this Committee was established in Stockholm in 1928 at the initiative of Swedish, Danish and Norwegian scientists) ^[10] . In 1949, he was expelled from the corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences for anti-Soviet activities ^[9] .

The most important aspects of Olaf Brock's scientific activity were studies in the field of East Slavic and Serbo-Croatian dialectology , phonetics of Slavic languages ^[1] . His works were widely known, some of which were written in Russian : An Essay on the Physiology of Slavic Speech ( 1910 ) and others. ^{[2] His} early works were devoted to the study of dialects in the territory of modern Eastern Slovakia , including the most famous description of the dialect of the village of Ubli . Later, from 1907 , Olaf Brock studied the North Russian dialects of the Totemsky district of the Vologda province (in the process of studying the dialects of the Totemsky district (along the Sukhon River), Olaf Brock discovered the closed [o] sound in Russian (which is pronounced as a sound between [o ] and [y] ) ^[11] ), and also studied the South Russian dialects of the Mosalsky district of the Kaluga province . For the Encyclopedia of Slavic Philology, Olaf Brock wrote an essay on the physiology of Slavic speech, which describes in detail the conditions for the formation of consonant and vowel sounds of speech, as well as combinations of sounds, including in individual Slavic languages . This essay (in the German translation by Slavische Phonetik ) became the most significant work of the Norwegian scholar in Slavic studies ^[2] . In the 1920s, Olaf Brock explored Russenorsk - the mixed language of Norwegian and Russian merchants ^[12] . The scientific activities of Olaf Brock contributed to the active development of Russian studies both in Russia and to the interest in Russian studies in the Scandinavian countries ^[13] .

• Olaf Broch. Zum kleinrussischen in Ungarn. Archiv für Slavische Philologie. Berlin, 1895, No. 17. 1897, No. 19
• Olaf Broch. Studien von der Slovakisch - Kleinrussischen Sprachgrenze im östlichen Ungarn. t. 1-2. Kristiania, 1897, 1899
• Olaf Brock. Ugro-rusky narcie of the village of Ubley (Zemplinsky committee). The publication of the Russian language and literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. - SPb .: Type. Imp. Acad. science, 1899
• Olaf Broch. Die Dialekte des sudlichsten Serbiens. - Wien: Alfred Holder, 1903 (Dialects of Southern Serbia) ^[1]
• Olaf Brock. Description of one dialect from the southwestern part of Totem County. - SPb .: Type. Imp. Acad. sciences, 1907
• Olaf Brock. Essay on the physiology of the Slavic speech. Encyclopedia of Slavic Philology. Issue 5. Ed. Yagich I.V. Publishing the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. - SPb .: Type. Imp. Acad. science, 1910
• Olaf Broch. Slavische phonetik. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1911 (Slavic Phonetics)
• Olaf Brock. Talks west of Mosalsk. PG: Type. Imp. AN, 1916 ^[14]
• Olaf Broch og Ernst W. Selmer. Håndbok i elementær fonetik. Kristiania: Aschehoug, 1921
• Olaf Broch. Fra Østlandets dagligtale, 1923
• Olaf Broch. Russenorsk. Archiv für slawische Philologie, 1927 ^[15]
• Olaf Broch. Russenorsk tekstmateriale, Maal og minne, 1930 ^[15]

• Olaf Brock's profile on the official website of the RAS

• Gallis A., Slawistik und Slawisten in Norwegen, Wiener Slawistisches Jahrbuch, 1974