Buchintoro ( Italian: Bucintoro ) is a Venetian ceremonial galley. The second common name is “Bukentavr” or “Butsaurus”. The approximate length of the ship was 30 meters, width - 6 meters.
The galley was the official gallery of the Doges of Venice . From the 12th century until 1798 , on the Ascension Day , the Doge went out to the gallery to perform the Doge Engagement ceremony with the Adriatic Sea .
Content
- 1 Origin of the name
- 2 History
- 3 Sposalizio del Mar
- 4 Buchintoro in art
- 5 See also
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
Name Origin
The name Buchintoro comes from the Venetian buzino d'oro , which means the golden barque . In the Middle Ages, the name was modified in bucentaurus (bukentavr), by analogy with the Greek mythological half-man, half-bull. That is why you should not look for connections between similar at first glance names.
History
The last and most magnificent Bukentavr was built in 1729 and destroyed by the French in 1798 . The destruction was not so much political in nature as dictated by banal profit and robbery. The last bucosaur had a broken upper part, and the hull was used as a working pontoon. The remains of the ship can be seen in the Correr Museum and the Naval Historical Museum near the Arsenal .
Sposalizio del Mar
Doge of Venice free |
The rite of engagement with the sea ( Italian: Sposalizio del Mar ) symbolized the naval dominance of the Republic of Venice. The ceremony was established after 1000, in commemoration of the conquest of Dalmatia by the Doge Pietro II Orseolo . The rite was tied to the Ascension Day - the day when the Doge went on an expedition.
Initially, the ceremony consisted of access to the sea. The prayer contained a request for the sea to be favorable to the Venetians, that is, to be quiet and calm. At that, the doge and retinue were sprinkled with holy water, and the remaining water poured into the sea. The prayer was simple, they asked for the most important thing: " Oh God, grant us and all those who swim after us a calm sea ." After the prayer, the Doge and his retinue were sprayed with holy water, and the singers sang a text from the fiftieth psalm: " Sprinkle me with hyssop, and I will be clean ."
In the XII century, the rite underwent changes. The ceremony acquired a quasi-sacred character, that is, the ritual instead of a pacifying and redeeming one became a wedding. In 1177, Pope Alexander III , for the services provided by Venice in the fight against Emperor Frederick Barbarossa , first married the Doge and the Sea. Dad pulled the ring from the doge’s finger and offered to throw it into the sea.
After that, every year the Doge threw a consecrated golden ring into the sea and with the words Desponsamus te, mare (“We will marry you, Sea”) declared that Venice and the sea are inextricable.
According to legend, one fisherman received this ring from St. Mark that night when Satan was going to send a storm to the city.
The ceremony began on St. Mark's Square, then the Doge on the solemn procession of boats (from 1311 on Buchintoro) moved to Fort San Andrea near Lido . There the ring rushed into the sea. On the way back, the Doge stopped at a church service in the church of San Nicolo di Lido .
Buchintoro in Art
Buchintoro attracted the special attention of two Venetian artists: Francesco Guardi and Canaletto . The image of the ship can be found in many paintings by artists, who often have a similar plot.
Buchintoro on the canvas of the XVII century
Buchintoro on Canaletto , 1738
Buchintoro in a painting by Francesco Guardi
Buchintoro in the picture of Guardi.
Buchintoro at San Nicolo di Lido. Painting by Francesco Guardi.
See also
- Doge
- Republic of Venice
Literature
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), Bucentaur , Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press
- The Bucintoro , Comitato Festa della Sensa , < http://www.sevenonline.it/sensa/english/bucintorogb.htm > . Retrieved September 30, 2008. Archived February 17, 2012 on the Wayback Machine .
- McManus, Warren (transl.), History of the Bucentaurs , Gioielleria Dogale , < http://www.webjewels.it/Bucentaurs.html > . Retrieved February 28, 2008. Archived June 19, 2008 on the Wayback Machine . A translation of an extract from GB Rubin de Cervin (1985), La flotta di Venezia: Navi e barche della Serenissima [The Venetian Fleet: Ships and Boats of the Venetian Republic] , Milan: Automobilia, ISBN 88-85058-63-9 .
- Official website of the Fondazione Bucintoro . Retrieved on February 29, 2008.
- Popham, Peter (March 27, 2008), " Venetian dream boat: Ship of fools sails again ", The Independent , < https://www.independent.co.uk/news/europe/venetian-dream-boat-ship-of -fools-sails-again-801237.html > .
- Franco, Giacomo ( c. 1609), [Illustration from Habiti d'huomeni et donne venetiane [ Dress of Venetian Men and Ladies ]] in William T. Hastings [ et al. ], ed. (1964), "Bucentaur, the Doge's ship of state, accompanied by gondolas, gallies, and sailing vessels [illustration]", Shakespeare Quarterly T. 15 (1 / Winter): 66 .
- On rebuilding the Bucintoro , Fugitive Ink [blog], February 29, 2008 , < http://fugitiveink.wordpress.com/2008/02/29/on-rebuilding-the-bucintoro/ > . Retrieved March 26, 2008. .
- Il Bucintoro di Venezia [The Bucentaur of Venice] , Venice: [sn], 1837 (Italian and French).
- Lucchini, Antonio Maria (1751), La Nuova regia su l'acque nel Bucintoro nuovamente cretto all'annua solenne funzione del giorno dell'Ascensione di Nostro Signore, etc. [The New Palace upon the Waters of the Newly Built Bucentaur at the Annual Solemn Function of the Day of the Ascension of Our Lord, etc.] , Venice: [sn] (Italian).
Lina Urban - Il Bucintoro - Centro Internazionale Grafica Veneziana, Venice 1988: (Italian)