Braude, Semyon Yakovlevich

Born on January 15 ( January 28 ), 1911 in Poltava, he graduated from the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Mathematics (1932). In 1933-1955 he worked at the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology . He took an active part in the creation on the basis of his radiophysical departments of the Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR . Since 1955 he worked at the Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (in 1955-1980 - deputy director for scientific affairs). Professor of KhPI (1946-1956). Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1969).

Major works in the field of radiophysics and radio astronomy . One of the pioneers of radio astronomy in the USSR. Under his leadership, the first radio astronomy observatory in Ukraine was organized, radio astronomy equipment was developed, including original radio telescopes with electric beam control, operating in the decameter range. Using the unique UTR-2 radio telescope and URAN radio interferometer created under his leadership, an extensive series of studies of radio emission from celestial objects was carried out: low-frequency radio emission from pulsars was detected, extensive radio sources were measured, the distribution of cosmic background radiation was studied, decameter radiation from the solar system bodies and ionized absorption regions was studied hydrogen , discovered in the first radio link decameter - neutral nitrogen (after a quarter century After its theoretical prediction Shklovskif ).

Braud and his collaborators compiled the first catalog of radio sources and their spectra in the decameter range. He also conducted theoretical studies of cosmic radio emission. Back in 1957, he began to study the fundamental possibility of radar sensing of the solar corona . Theoretically determined the effects of the combined action of synchrotron and thermal radiation, the effects of absorption in an ionized gas, investigated the synchrotron radiation in objects of large optical thickness. He obtained interesting data on the so-called plasma boilers, which play an important role in the evolution of cosmic radiation sources. He developed the theory of propagation of radio waves over a non-smooth sea surface. Based on the study of the amplitude, phase, and frequency (Doppler) characteristics of the scattered signals obtained by Browde, a new scientific direction has been created - radio oceanography. He took part in the development of powerful generators of radio waves and the creation of the first radar in the USSR.

He died on June 29, 2003 . He was buried in Kharkov at the 2nd city cemetery.

• Stalin Prize of the third degree (1952) - for research in the field of technology
• State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology (1997)
• Gold medal named after A.S. Popov , USSR Academy of Sciences (1983)
• three orders of the Red Banner of Labor
• medals
• Order of Merit, I, II, III Degree

In honor of Semyon Yakovlevich Braude, a crater on the far side of the moon was named in 2009.

• Kolchinsky I.G., Korsun A.A., Rodriguez M.G. Astronomers. Biographical reference. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1986.

• Braude Semyon Yakovlevich (inaccessible link) (inaccessible link from 06/14/2016 [1202 days])