Institutional changes - in most areas of institutionalism, a continuous process of quantitative and qualitative changes and transformations of various political, legal, social and economic institutions .
Institutional changes occur in the institutional environment , but do not occur at the level of rule changes, but at the level of changes in institutions that operate in this environment and define this environment.
Content
Schools of Foreign Institutionalism
By Veblen
The founder of institutionalism, Thorstein Veblen, wrote that evolution is accompanied by institutional changes by selecting and fixing behaviors that contribute most to the survival and prosperity of the entire community. T. Veblen noted that social evolution is nothing but the process of selecting and adapting ways of thinking under the influence of the circumstances of people's life together. The adaptation of ways of thinking is the development of institutions [1] .
North
According to 1993 Nobel laureate Douglas North , institutional change is a complex process because change in the margin can be a consequence of changes in rules, informal restrictions, ways and effectiveness of enforcement of rules and restrictions. North calls institutional change, along with technological change, the main determinants of social and economic development. Institutional change determines how societies evolve over time and are thus key to understanding historical change. In the preface of the scientific editor to his work, it is noted that large institutional changes occur slowly, since institutions are the result of historical changes that form individual behavior. The higher the institutional uncertainty, the higher the transaction costs. [2]
Domestic definitions
The Russian Economic Encyclopedia edited by Academician L. I. Abalkin defines institutional change as a process of changing social institutions [3] .
Ukrainian Economic Encyclopedic Dictionary edited by prof. S. V. Mochernoy institutional changes are defined as a continuous process of quantitative and qualitative changes and transformations of various social and economic institutions. [four]
Institutional Change Factors
Different directions of institutionalism differently highlight the main factors of institutional change. Representatives of socio-technological institutionalism ( J.K. Galbraith , Jan Tinbergen and others) consider the introduction of science and technology into production as the basis of social, including economic, development; the theory of property rights ( R. Coase , R. Pozner and others) was referred to socio- legal institutionalism at the end of the 20th century . The new institutionalism considers the basis of economic development in a post-industrial society to be a person, the goal of the economic system is the comprehensive development of a person, therefore it mainly studies activity and behavior individual individual. [four]
Notes
- ↑ Veblen T. The Theory of Leisure Class. An Economy of Institutions. No. 4. 1992.
- ↑ North D. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. / per. from English A.N. Nesterenko, pred. and scientific. Edited by V.Z. Milner. M .: Fund of the economic book "Beginnings", 1997. — S.8, 17, 21, 113
- ↑ Economic Encyclopedia / scientific. ed. Council of the publishing house "Economics". Institute of Economics. RAS, Ch. ed. L.I. Abalkin. - M.: Publishing House "Economics", 1998.
- ↑ 1 2 Mocherniy S.V., Larina Ya. S., Ustenko O.A., Yuriy S.I. The economical encyclopedic dictionary: At 2 vols. T.1 / As amended by S. V. Mocherny. - Lviv: Svіt, 2005. [4, p. 283]
See also
- Institutionalism
- New Institutional Economics
- Institutional environment
- At the origins of Russian institutionalism