Boron trichloride

Boron trichloride
Boron trichloride
Are common
Systematic ; name	boron (III) chloride
Abbreviations	trichloroboron
Traditional names	boron trichloride, boron chloride
Chem. formula	Bcl 3
Rat formula	Bcl 3
Physical properties
condition	colorless gas smoking in the air
Molar mass	(at 9.23% and Cl 90.77% by weight) 117.17 g / mol
Density	(at 0 ° C) 1.326 g / cm³
Thermal properties
T. melt.	-107.3 ° C
T. bale.	12.6 ° C
T. aux.	-17 ° C
Cr. point	temperature: 178.8 ° C pressure: 3.87 MPadensity: 0.7 g / cm³
Like heat resistant.	107 J / (mol · K)
Enthalpy of Education	-427 kJ / mol
Steam pressure	(at −92 ° C) 1 mmHg (at −68 ° C) 10 mmHg (at −33.5 ° C) 100 mmHg(at 20 ° C) 150 kPa
Chemical properties
Solubility in water	decays
Solubility in other substances	decomposes in ethanol , soluble in carbon tetrachloride
Optical properties
Refractive index	1.00139
Structure
Coordination geometry	trigonal, flat
Dipole moment	0 D
Classification
Reg. CAS number	10294-34-5
PubChem
Reg. EINECS number
Smiles
Inchi
Reg. EC number	233-658-4
RTECS	ED1925000
UN number
ChemSpider
Security
Toxicity	0 four 2

Boron trichloride is a binary inorganic compound of boron and chlorine with the formula BCl ₃ . It is a colorless gas.

Physical Properties

Under standard conditions , boron trichloride is a heavy, colorless gas, which, due to interaction with water vapor, smokes in moist air.

Under normal conditions , it is a liquid whose vapor pressure is described by the equation:

p_{\mathsf {(mmHg)}}=2115~T^{-1}-7.04\lg T+27.56

{\ displaystyle p _ {\ mathsf {(mmHg)}} = 2115 ~ T ^ {- 1} -7.04 \ lg T + 27.56}

p_{\mathsf {(mmHg)}}=2115~T^{-1}-7.04\lg T+27.56

In the Solid state, boron trichloride forms crystals of hexagonal syngony , space group P6 ₃ , a = 0.6140 nm, c = 0.6603 nm, Z = 9.

The boron trichloride molecule is a regular triangle (like other boron trihalides ) with a B – Cl bond length of 0.175 nm. Due to trigonal symmetry, the molecule has a zero dipole moment.

Boron trichloride does not form dimers , although there is indirect evidence that it can form dimers at very low temperatures (20 K ).

Getting

Boron trichloride can be synthesized from elements:

{\mathsf {2B+3Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {>400^{o}C}}2BCl_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2B + 3Cl_ {2} {\ xrightarrow {> 400 ^ {o} C}} 2BCl_ {3}}}}

{\mathsf {2B+3Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {>400^{o}C}}2BCl_{3}}}

In industry, instead of pure boron, its alloys, for example, ferroboron, are used .

Also, the industry uses the chlorination method at a temperature of ~ 1000 ° C of a mixture of boron oxide and coke :

{\mathsf {B_{2}O_{3}+3C+3Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {1000^{o}C}}2BCl_{3}+3CO}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {B_ {2} O_ {3} + 3C + 3Cl_ {2} {\ xrightarrow {1000 ^ {o} C}} 2BCl_ {3} + 3CO}}}

In Russia, the industrial method of chlorination of boron carbide is used at a temperature of 900-1000 ° C:

{\mathsf {B_{4}C+6Cl_{2}{\xrightarrow {1000^{o}C}}4BCl_{3}+C}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {B_ {4} C + 6Cl_ {2} {\ xrightarrow {1000 ^ {o} C}} 4BCl_ {3} + C}}}

Aluminum trichloride and boron trifluoride can exchange halogens:

{\mathsf {AlCl_{3}+BF_{3}{\xrightarrow {~T~}}BCl_{3}+AlF_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {AlCl_ {3} + BF_ {3} {\ xrightarrow {~ T ~}} BCl_ {3} + AlF_ {3}}}}

In laboratory practice, boron trichloride is obtained by the decomposition of its adducts, for example, BCl ₃ S (CH ₃ ) ₂ , which are convenient in use, since they are solid substances:

{\mathsf {(CH_{3})_{2}SBCl_{3}\rightleftarrows (CH_{3})_{2}S+BCl_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {(CH_ {3}) _ {2} SBCl_ {3} \ rightleftarrows (CH_ {3}) _ {2} S + BCl_ {3}}}}

Chemical Properties

It is completely hydrolyzed with water with the release of a large amount of heat:

{\mathsf {BCl_{3}+3H_{2}O\rightarrow B(OH)_{3}\downarrow +3HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {BCl_ {3} + 3H_ {2} O \ rightarrow B (OH) _ {3} \ downarrow + 3HCl}}}

Reacts with diluted and concentrated alkalis:

{\mathsf {4BCl_{3}+14NaOH\rightarrow Na_{2}B_{4}O_{7}+12NaCl+7H_{2}O}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4BCl_ {3} + 14NaOH \ rightarrow Na_ {2} B_ {4} O_ {7} + 12NaCl + 7H_ {2} O}}}

{\mathsf {BCl_{3}+4NaOH\rightarrow Na[B(OH)_{4}]+3NaCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {BCl_ {3} + 4NaOH \ rightarrow Na [B (OH) _ {4}] + 3NaCl}}}

Hydrogen reduced to boron or borane :

{\mathsf {2BCl_{3}+3H_{2}{\xrightarrow {800-1200^{o}C}}2B+6HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2BCl_ {3} + 3H_ {2} {\ xrightarrow {800-1200 ^ {o} C}} 2B + 6HCl}}}

{\mathsf {2BCl_{3}+6H_{2}{\xrightarrow {450^{o}C,Cu,Al}}B_{2}H_{6}+6HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2BCl_ {3} + 6H_ {2} {\ xrightarrow {450 ^ {o} C, Cu, Al}} B_ {2} H_ {6} + 6HCl}}}

Burns in oxygen (in air at a temperature> 400 ° C):

{\mathsf {4BCl_{3}+3O_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}2B_{2}O_{3}+6Cl_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {4BCl_ {3} + 3O_ {2} {\ xrightarrow {}} 2B_ {2} O_ {3} + 6Cl_ {2}}}}

Fluorine displaces chlorine from the compound:

{\mathsf {2BCl_{3}+3F_{2}{\xrightarrow {}}2BF_{3}+3Cl_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2BCl_ {3} + 3F_ {2} {\ xrightarrow {}} 2BF_ {3} + 3Cl_ {2}}}}

Boron trichloride is a Lewis acid that forms adducts with tertiary amines , phosphines , esters , thioethers and halide ions :

{\mathsf {BCl_{3}+PH_{3}\rightleftarrows BCl_{3}\cdot PH_{3}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {BCl_ {3} + PH_ {3} \ rightleftarrows BCl_ {3} \ cdot PH_ {3}}}}

Reacts with organotin compounds:

{\mathsf {2BCl_{3}+R_{4}Sn\longrightarrow 2RBCl_{2}+R_{2}SnCl_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2BCl_ {3} + R_ {4} Sn \ longrightarrow 2RBCl_ {2} + R_ {2} SnCl_ {2}}}}

When passing an electric spark through boron trichloride, lower boron chlorides B ₂ Cl ₆ , B ₄ Cl ₄ , B ₈ Cl ₈ are obtained:

{\mathsf {2BCl_{3}{\xrightarrow {}}B_{2}Cl_{4}+Cl_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2BCl_ {3} {\ xrightarrow {}} B_ {2} Cl_ {4} + Cl_ {2}}}}

Reacts with alcohols to produce borate esters:

{\mathsf {BCl_{3}+R{\text{-}}OH{\xrightarrow {}}B(OR)_{3}+3HCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {BCl_ {3} + R {\ text {-}} OH {\ xrightarrow {}} B (OR) _ {3} + 3HCl}}}

When heated, reacts with boric anhydride to produce boron oxychloride:

{\mathsf {BCl_{3}+B_{2}O_{3}{\xrightarrow {200^{o}C}}3BOCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {BCl_ {3} + B_ {2} O_ {3} {\ xrightarrow {200 ^ {o} C}} 3BOCl}}}

Metals can reduce boron trichloride to boron or form borides:

{\mathsf {BCl_{3}+3Na{\xrightarrow {150^{o}C}}B+3NaCl}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {BCl_ {3} + 3Na {\ xrightarrow {150 ^ {o} C}} B + 3NaCl}}}

{\mathsf {2BCl_{3}+6Mg{\xrightarrow {}}Mg_{3}B_{2}+3MgCl_{2}}}

{\ displaystyle {\ mathsf {2BCl_ {3} + 6Mg {\ xrightarrow {}} Mg_ {3} B_ {2} + 3MgCl_ {2}}}}

Application

Boron trichloride is the starting material for the production of pure boron .
It is also used in the processing of aluminum , magnesium , zinc and copper alloys to remove nitrides , carbides and oxides from molten metal .
Boron trichloride was used as a flux for brazing alloys of aluminum , iron , zinc , tungsten and a copper-nickel alloy .
Processing liquid aluminum with boron trichloride vapors improves the quality of the castings.
It is used in the manufacture of electrical resistances for bonding a carbon film to a ceramic base.
Used in plasma etching in the production of microelectronics
Used as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Security

Boron trichloride is an aggressive reagent .

Jonathan Lynn
Jonathan lynn
Date of Birth	April 3, 1943 ( 1943-04-03 ) (aged 76)
Place of Birth	Bath , England , UK
Citizenship	Great Britain
Profession	actor , comedian , screenwriter , filmmaker
Career	since 1967
Direction	comedy , sitcom
IMDb

Year		Russian name	original name	Role
1966	with		Thirteen against fat	Moise
1968	with		The jazz age	Harry plant
1969	with		Hadleigh	Harold
1969	with		Softly, softly	Tony
1969 - 1973	with	By bus	On the buses	screenwriter
1969 - 1979	with	Birds	The liver birds	Johnny , Robert
1969 - 1991	with	Doctor in the house	Doctor in the house	Danny Hooley
1971	with		Doctor at large	screenwriter
1972 - 1973	with		Doctor in charge	screenwriter Danny Hooley
1972	with		Nearest and dearest	screenwriter
1972	with		Turnbull's Finest Half-Hour	Roddy Cheever-Jones
1972	with		Colditz	Bergman
1973	with		Romany jones	screenwriter
1974	with		Doctor at sea	screenwriter
1974	with		My name is harry worth	screenwriter
1974	with		The Dick Emery Show	actor
1975	with		The good life	window washer
1975	with		Doctor on the go	screenwriter
1975 - 1976	with		My brother's keeper	screenwriter Pete Bud
1976	with		Play for today	Harold
1978	with		BBC2 Play of the Week	Geston
1978	with		Play for today	Cyril Benson
1980 - 1984	with	Yes, Mr. Minister	Yes minister	screenwriter
1981	with		Friday Night, Saturday Morning	playing himself
1980 - 1984	with	Yes, Mr. Prime Minister	Yes, Prime Minister	screenwriter
1985	f	Evidence	Clue	director, screenwriter
1990	f	Nuns on the run	Nuns on the run	director, screenwriter
1990	with	Ferris Buler	Ferris bueller	producer
1992	f	My cousin winnie	My cousin vinny	producer
1992	f	Honorable gentleman	The distinguished gentleman	producer
1994	f	Greed	Greedy	director , butler Douglas
1996	f	Sergeant Bilko	Sgt. Bilko	producer
1997	f	Process and error	Trial and Error	producer
2000	f	Nine yards	Nine yards	producer
2001	with	Comedy Heroes	Heroes of comedy	playing himself
2002	with	This Is Your Life	This Is Your Life	playing himself
2003	f	Temptation	The fightingight temptations	producer
2004	with		Sunday Morning Shootout	playing himself
2010	f	Wild target	Wild target	producer

NGC 7309
Galaxy
Research history
Discoverer	William Herschel
opening date	November 28, 1785
Designations	NGC 7309 , PGC 69183 , MCG -2-57-16 , IRAS22317-1036
Observational data ( Age J2000.0 )
Constellation	Aquarius
Right ascension
Declination
Visible dimensions	2.0 '× 1.7'
Apparent magnitude m _V	12.5
Photographic magnitude m _B	13,2
Specifications
Type of	Sbc
Redshift	+0.013306 ± 0.000097
Angular position	32 °
Surface brightness	13.7

Dior Baird
Diora baird
Dior Baird in 2003
Date of Birth	April 6, 1983 ( 1983-04-06 ) (36 years)
Place of Birth	Miami , FL , USA
Citizenship	USA
Profession	actress , model
Career	1995 - to this day
IMDb

Dieffenbacher

Type of	GmbH + Co. KG
Base	1873
Location	Germany : Eppingen
Key figures	Wolf-Gerd Dieffenbacher (Managing Director and Owner)
Industry	Engineering
Turnover	330 million € (2009)
Site	dieffenbacher.com

Boron trichloride



Are common
Systematic name	boron (III) chloride
Abbreviations	trichloroboron
Traditional names	boron trichloride, boron chloride
Chem. formula	Bcl ₃
Rat formula	Bcl ₃
Physical properties
condition	colorless gas smoking in the air
Molar mass	(at 9.23% and Cl 90.77% by weight) 117.17 g / mol
Density	(at 0 ° C) 1.326 g / cm³
Thermal properties
T. melt.	-107.3 ° C
T. bale.	12.6 ° C
T. aux.	-17 ° C
Cr. point	temperature: 178.8 ° C pressure: 3.87 MPa density: 0.7 g / cm³
Like heat resistant.	107 J / (mol · K)
Enthalpy of Education	-427 kJ / mol
Steam pressure	(at −92 ° C) 1 mmHg (at −68 ° C) 10 mmHg (at −33.5 ° C) 100 mmHg (at 20 ° C) 150 kPa
Chemical properties
Solubility in water	decays
Solubility in other substances	decomposes in ethanol , soluble in carbon tetrachloride
Optical properties
Refractive index	1.00139
Structure
Coordination geometry	trigonal, flat
Dipole moment	0 D
Classification
Reg. CAS number	10294-34-5
PubChem
Reg. EINECS number
Smiles
Inchi
Reg. EC number	233-658-4
RTECS	ED1925000
UN number
ChemSpider
Security
Toxicity	0 four 2

A place	No.	Racer	Mark	Model	Time	Lagging behind
one	002	Cyril Depre	KTM	690 Rally Replica	51h 10 '37 "
2	004	Paul Anders Ullevolseter	KTM	690	52h 13 '29 "	+ 1h 02 '52 "
3	009	Francisco Lopez Contardo	Aprilia	RXV 450	52h 20 '25 "	+ 1h 09 '48 "
four	005	Elder Rodrigues	Yamaha	WR 450 F	52h 30 '10 "	+ 1h 19 '33 "
5	012	David Fretin	Yamaha	450 WRF	53h 06 '33 "	+ 1h 55 '56 "
6	014	Alain Duclos	KTM	690	53h 09 '12 "	+ 1h 58 '35 "
7	024	John street	KTM	690	54h 00 '20 "	+ 2h 49 '43 "
8	011	Jakub Przygonski	KTM	660 rally	54h 26 '36 "	+ 3h 15 '59 "
9	016	Olivier Pen	Yamaha	450 WRF	54h 38 '57 "	+ 3h 28 '20 "
10	034	Joan Pedrero Garcia	KTM	690	54h 44 '25 "	+ 3h 33 '48 "

A place	No.	Racer	Mark	Model	Time	Lagging behind
one	251	Marcos Patronelli	Yamaha	Raptor 700	64h 17 '44 "
2	277	Alejandro Patronelli	Yamaha	Raptor 700	66h 40 '43 "	+ 2h 22 '59 "
3	256	Juan Manuel Gonzalez Korominas	Yamaha	Raptor 700	69h 25 '15 "	+ 5h 07 '31 "
four	258	Christoph Deklerk	Polaris	525 outlaw	70h 04 '40 "	+ 5h 46 '56 "
5	252	Rafal Sonic	Yamaha	Raptor	70h 08 '08 "	+ 5h 50 '24 "
6	255	Sebastian Alpern	Yamaha	Raptor 700	73h 25 '15 "	+ 9h 07 '31 "
7	254	Oldrich Brazhin	Polaris	Outlaw ires	80h 51 '25 "	+ 16h 33 '41 "
8	264	Bris oer	Can am	Renegade 800	81h 10 '00 "	+ 16h 52 '16 "
9	260	Bernardo Rolando Graue	Can am	Renegade 800 X	81h 55 '04 "	+ 17h 37 '20 "
10	267	Daniel massucco	Can am	Renegade 800 X	89h 36 '23 "	+ 25h 18 '39 "

A place	No.	Pilot	Navigator	Mark	Model	Time	Lagging behind
one	303	Carlos Sainz	Lucas Cruz	Volkswagen	Race touareg 2	47h 10 '00 "
2	306	Nasser Al Attiyah	Timo Gottschalk	Volkswagen	Race touareg 2	47h 12 '12 "	+ 02 '12 "
3	305	Mark Miller	Ralph Pitchford	Volkswagen	Race touareg 2	47h 42 '51 "	+ 32 '51 "
four	301	Stefan Peteransel	Jean-Paul Cottreux	BMW	X3 CC	49h 27 '21 "	+ 2h 17 '21 "
5	307	Guerlain Scherry	Tina Turner	BMW	X3 CC	51h 12 '49 "	+ 4h 02 '49 "
6	314	Carlos Sosa	Matthew Bomel	Mitsubishi	Racing lancer	51h 41 '45 "	+ 4h 31 '45 "
7	300	Giniel de Villiers	Dirk von Citzevitz	Volkswagen	Race touareg 2	52h 20 '19 "	+ 5h 10 '19 "
8	302	Robbie Gordon	Andy grader	Hummer	H3	53h 12 '24 "	+ 6h 02 '24 "
9	311	Orlando Terranova	Pascal Memon	Mitsubishi	Racing lancer	53h 14 '47 "	+ 6h 04 '47 "
10	322	Guillerme Spinelli	Filipi Palmeiro	Mitsubishi	Racing lancer	53h 23 '41 "	+ 6h 13 '41 "

A place	No.	Pilot	Navigator	Mechanic	Mark	Model	Time	Lagging behind
one	501	Vladimir Chagin	Sergey Savostin	Eduard Nikolaev	KamAZ	4326	55h 04 '47 "
2	500	Firdaus Kabirov	Aydar Belyaev	Andrey Mokeev	KamAZ	4326	56h 17 '55 "	+ 1h 13 '08 "
3	508	Marcel van Vliet	Herman Vanholt	Gerard Van Venendaal	Ginaf	X 2222	65h 48 '07 "	+ 10h 43 '20 "
four	506	Martin Matzik	Yosef Kalina	Jan Berwitz	Liaz	111.154	67h 26 '08 "	+ 12h 21 '21 "
5	505	Ilgizar Mardeev	Vyacheslav Mizyukaev	Andrey Karginov	KamAZ	4326	70h 04 '16 "	+ 14h 59 '29 "
6	503	Wolfert Van Ginkel	Willem Teisterman	Richard de Roy	Ginaf	X 2222	70h 34 '03 "	+ 15h 29 '16 "
7	514	Teruhito Sugawara	Seiichi Suzuki	no	Hino	Ranger	72h 34 '24 "	+ 17h 29 '37 "
8	523	David Oliveras	Daniel camara	Jesus Camara	Mercedes	1844-AK	78h 43 '53 "	+ 23h 39 '06 "
9	511	Jordi Huvanteni	Fina Roman	Jose Luis Criado	MAN	TGA 26.480 6X6	79h 20 '14 "	+ 24h 15 '27 "
10	518	Claudio Bellina	Giulio Minelli	Paolo Arici	Ginaf	X 2223	81h 51 '59 "	+ 26h 47 '12 "

Boron trichloride

Physical Properties

Getting

Chemical Properties

Application

Security

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