NEO PI-R

The questionnaire was developed as part of the dispositional concept of the Big Five personality factors; each of the 5 "big" factors, in turn, is divided into 6 aspects:

1. Neuroticism
   1. Concern / Anxiety
   2. Hostility / Hostility
   3. Depression
   4. Self-Consciousness
   5. Impulsiveness
   6. Vulnerability to Stress
2. Extraversion / Extraversion
   1. Heat / Warmth
   2. Collectivism / Gregariousness
   3. Perseverance / Assertiveness
   4. Activity
   5. Excitement Seeking
   6. Positive Emotion
3. Openness
   1. Fantasy / Fantasy
   2. Aesthetics
   3. Feelings
   4. Actions
   5. Ideas / Ideas
   6. Values
4. Pleasant Communication / Agreeableness
   1. Trust
   2. Straightforwardness
   3. Altruism
   4. Compliance
   5. Modesty / Modesty
   6. Softness / Tendermindedness
5. Conscientiousness
   1. Competence
   2. Order
   3. Sense of duty / dutifulness
   4. Achievement Striving
   5. Self-Discipline / Self-Discipline
   6. Caution / Deliberation

There is an open test implementation called IPIP-NEO, ^[2] which is based on the IPIP questionnaire ^[3] . The test is incompatible in results with the NEO test, however, it uses the same methodology and a similar list of personality aspects to compile an assessment on five factors. The author of the test describes the aspects used in each factor as follows. ^[four]

Extraversion

Extraversion (Extraversion) means the desire to interact with the outside world. Extroverts like to be among people, they are full of energy and often show positive emotions. They are usually enthusiastic, active, and want to get immediate pleasure. In groups, they like to talk, attract attention and feel confident.

Introverts do not have energy, rich feelings and extravert activity. They are usually quiet, restrained, prudent, and do not participate in social activity. Lack of involvement in social interaction cannot be interpreted as shyness or depression; Introverts simply need a much lower level of stimulation, so they prefer to be alone. Independence and restraint of introverts are often mistaken for unfriendliness or arrogance. In fact, an introvert with a high score on the factor of goodwill will turn out to be very pleasant in communication with a person if they turn to him.

Aspects of extraversion:

Friendliness

Friendly people sincerely like other people and they openly demonstrate positive feelings towards others. They quickly make friends and it is easy for them to create close and frank relationships. People with low friendliness are not necessarily cold and hostile, but they are not drawn to others and are considered distant and restrained.

Sociability (Gregariousness)

Sociable people in the company are charged and enjoy. They like the excitement in the crowd. People with a low rate are overwhelmed by feelings in a large crowd, so they actively avoid them. They do not necessarily dislike the company of other people, but they need personal space and their personal time to a much greater extent than people with a high rate in this aspect.

Assertiveness

People with a high level of self-confidence love to speak loud and clear, take responsibility and direct the activity of other people. They usually seek leadership in the group. People with low scores usually don’t speak much and allow others to control the actions of groups.

Activity Level

Active individuals lead busy lives at a fast pace. They advance quickly, decisively and energetically, and engage in many activities. People with a low rating on this scale set a slower, leisurely and relaxed pace.

Search for vivid sensations (Excitement-Seeking)

People with a high score on this scale quickly become bored without a high level of stimulation. They like bright lights, noise and bustle. They like to take risks and seek thrills. People with low ratings do not tolerate noise and excitement and are negative about finding thrills.

Cheerfulness

This scale measures positive moods and feelings, rather than negative emotions (which are assessed by the neurotic factor). Highly rated people on this scale usually experience a wide range of positive feelings, including happiness, enthusiasm, optimism, and joy. People with low marks are not inclined to enter such an energetic and high spirits.

Goodwill

Agreeableness reflects individual preferences for collaboration and social harmony. Friendly individuals get along easily with other people. They are usually attentive, friendly, generous, willing to help and put the interests of others above their own. Friendly people are optimistic about human nature. They believe that people are mostly honest, decent and trustworthy.

Unfriendly individuals value their own interests above being able to get along with other people. They are usually indifferent to the well-being of other people and therefore are not inclined to break into a cake for them. Sometimes their skepticism about the motives of other people makes them suspicious and unfriendly, refuse to cooperate.

Goodwill is obviously useful for gaining and maintaining popularity. Friendly people like others more than unfriendly. On the other hand, goodwill interferes in situations that require tough or absolutely objective decisions. Unfriendly people can become great scientists, critics, or soldiers.

Goodwill Aspects:

Trust

A person with a high level of trust believes that most people are fair, honest and have the best intentions. People with low confidence consider others selfish, cunning, and potentially dangerous.

Morality

People with a high moral standard do not see the need to pretend or manipulate in business with other people and behave sincerely, frankly and sincerely. People with a low rate believe that social relations require a certain amount of fraud. It is relatively easy for other people to build relationships with direct people who have high scores on this scale. Accordingly, it is much more difficult for people to establish relationships with evasive people who have low rates. It should be noted that people with low rates are not dishonest or immoral; they are simply more circumspect and less willing to discover the whole truth.

Altruism

To altruistic people, helping others is a real pleasure. Accordingly, they are usually ready to help those in need. Altruists believe that doing something for others is a form of self-realization, not self-sacrifice. People with a low score on this scale do not like helping those in need. Requests for help they consider a burden, rather than the possibility of self-realization.

Cooperation

People with high grades on this scale do not like confrontation. They are always ready to compromise and abandon their own needs in order to get along with others. Those who receive a low rating on this scale are usually willing to bully others in order to achieve their goal.

Modesty (Modesty)

People with high ratings on this scale do not like to say that they are better than others. In some cases, this attitude is associated with low self-esteem or low self-esteem. However, some people with high self-esteem also find immodesty obscene. Those who publicly declare their superiority, others usually consider unfriendly and arrogant.

Empathy (Sympathy)

People with high grades on this scale are kind-hearted and sympathetic. They feel the pain of others as their own and are easy to pity. People with low grades are not easy to hurt the suffering of others. They are proud of their ability to make objective judgments with a clear mind. They are more interested in truth and impartial justice than in mercy.

Integrity

Conscientiousness - also consciousness, prudence - refers to the way in which we control, regulate and direct our impulsiveness. Sudden outbursts are not naturally negative; sometimes a lack of time requires an immediate solution, and acting on the first impulse can be an effective solution. In addition, while playing (but not working) acting spontaneously and impulsively can be fun. Impulsive individuals can be perceived by others as vibrant, funny, and enjoyable in company.

Nevertheless, impulsive actions can lead in some cases to trouble. Some outbursts are antisocial. Uncontrolled asocial actions not only cause harm to other members of society, but also can cause fair retaliation to the perpetrator of such an impulsive action. Another problem of impulsive actions is that they often give immediate emotional encouragement, but lead to long-term undesirable consequences. For example, excessive communication can lead to dismissal from work, an abandoned insult - lead to the severance of a valuable relationship, the use of drugs that cause pleasure - ruin your health.

Impulsive behavior, even if it does not lead to serious destructive consequences, can significantly reduce the effectiveness of human actions. Impulsive action does not allow thinking of alternative modes of action that could be more prudent than impulsive choice. Impulsiveness also leads people to a standstill when carrying out projects that require an organized sequence of steps or steps. An impulsive person achieves individual and small goals and with very variable success.

A hallmark of the mind - what potentially sets a person apart from earlier life forms - is the ability to think about impending consequences before acting impulsively. Reasonable activity includes thinking about long-term goals, organizing and planning steps to achieve this goal, and perseverance in achieving your goals even with the appearance of short-term impulsive desires to the contrary. The idea that the mind implies control of impulses is even reflected in the term “prudence,” which is an alternative name for the factor of good faith. Prudence means both wisdom and caution. People who receive high marks on the honesty scale are perceived by others as intelligent, reasonable.

The benefits of good faith are obvious. Conscientious individuals avoid trouble and achieve their goals very efficiently, using focused planning and perseverance. Other people positively perceive them as reasonable and reliable. On the negative side, they can be avid workaholics and perfectionists. In addition, extremely conscientious individuals can be perceived as boring and boring. Unscrupulous people can be condemned for insecurity, lack of ambition and inability to remain within the generally accepted framework, but they can afford many short-term pleasures and they will never be called boring.

Integrity Aspects:

Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy describes confidence in one’s ability to bring it to the end. People with high marks think that they have the mind (common sense), desire and self-control necessary to achieve their goals. People with low ratings do not feel effective and may feel that they are not in control of their lives.

Orderliness

People with high grades of accuracy are well organized. They like to live according to approved procedures and routines. They make lists and plan things. People with low grades are usually disorderly, disorganized, and distracted.

Responsibility (Dutifulness)

This scale reflects the degree of sense of duty and obligation. Highly rated people on this scale have a strong sense of moral duty. People with low marks consider arrangements, rules, and instructions too restrictive of their will. They are usually considered unreliable and even irresponsible.

Striving for a goal (Achievement-Striving)

Highly rated individuals on this scale make tremendous efforts to achieve outstanding results. Their desire to achieve recognition does not allow them to deviate from their lofty goals. They usually have a highly developed sense of purpose in life, but those who receive a very high rating may be too determined and obsessed with their work. People with low grades are content with minimal labor and may be considered lazy.

Self-Discipline

Self-discipline - which many call "willpower" - means the ability to persevere in difficult or unpleasant tasks until they are completed. People with high self-discipline can overcome their reluctance to begin work on a task and can continue, despite distracting circumstances. People with low self-discipline postpone the completion and completion of a task, often not completing things - even those that they really want to complete.

Cautiousness

Caution describes a predisposition to ponder different options before an action. People with a high score on the caution scale are in no hurry when they make a decision. People with low ratings usually do or say the first thing that comes to mind, and do not think about the alternative and their possible consequences.

Neuroticism

Freud originally used the term neurosis to describe conditions in which mental disorders, emotional distress, and the inability to deal effectively with ordinary life situations are manifested. He suggested that everyone can find some signs of neurosis, but we all differ in the degree of suffering and the specific symptoms of the disorder. But nowadays, neuroticism means a tendency to experience negative emotions. People with high levels of neuroticism can experience only one specific negative feeling, such as anxiety, anger, or depression, but can also experience several of these emotions at the same time. People with high rates of neuroticism are emotionally reactive. They emotionally react to events that will leave most people indifferent, and their reaction will be more intense than normal. They may perceive ordinary situations as threatening, and small disappointments as incorrigibly hopeless. Their negative emotional reactions last for an unusually long time, which means they are usually in a bad mood. Such problems with organizing emotions can weaken the neurotic’s ability to think clearly, make decisions, and effectively manage stress.

On the other side of the scale, individuals with a low rate of neuroticism are not easy to lose their temper and they are less emotionally reactive. They are usually calm, emotionally stable, and free from constant negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not mean that people with a low rate experience many positive emotions; the frequency of positive emotions is estimated by the extroversion factor.

Aspects of neuroticism:

Anxiety (Anxiety)

The “fight or flight” system in the brain of anxious individuals is often activated for any reason. Therefore, people with high anxiety rates often feel that something dangerous is about to happen. They may be afraid of some specific situations, or just be worried in general. They feel tense, shy and nervous. People with low anxiety rates are usually calm and fearless.

Anger

People with a high rate of anger get furious when something goes wrong according to their plan. Они особо чувствительны к справедливому отношению к себе и озлобляются, если чувствуют, что их обманывают. Данная шкала измеряет тенденцию переживать гнев; однако насколько человек выражает раздражение и враждебность, зависит от его уровня доброжелательности. Людей с низкой оценкой нельзя разгневать легко и часто.

Депрессивность (Depression)

Данная шкала измеряет тенденцию чувствовать печаль, удручённость и разочарование. У людей с высокой оценкой нет энергии и им трудно начать действовать. Люди с низкой оценкой свободны от таких депрессивных чувств.

Самосознание (Self-Consciousness)

индивиды с высоким уровнем самосознания чувствительны к тому, что о них думают другие люди. Их беспокойство по поводу отказов или насмешек заставляет их чувствовать застенчивость и дискомфорт в окружении большого количества людей. Их легко смутить и они часто чувствуют стыд. Их страхи, будто другие люди будут критиковать или высмеивать их, слишком преувеличены и нереальны, однако их неловкость и дискомфорт могут превратить эти страхи в самосбывающееся пророчество. Люди с низким показателем, с другой стороны, не страдают от ошибочного впечатления, что каждый вокруг наблюдает за ними и оценивает их. Они не нервничают в социальных ситуациях.

Несдержанность (Immoderation)

Несдержанные индивиды чувствуют сильные желания, которым трудно сопротивляться. Они ориентированы на кратковременные удовольствия и поощрения, а не на долговременные последствия. Люди с низким показателем не ощущают сильные, непреодолимые чувства и не подвергаются соблазну злоупотреблений.

Уязвимость (Vulnerability)

Люди с высоким показателем уязвимости чувствуют панику, замешательство и беспомощность под давлением или стрессом. Люди с низким показателем более уравновешены, уверены и здравомыслящи под действием стресса.

Открытость опыту

Открытость опыту (Openness to Experience) описывает свойства мыслительного процесса, отличающие креативных людей с хорошим воображением от приземлённых, обычных людей. Открытые люди интеллектуально любопытны, высоко ценят искусство и восприимчивы к красоте. Они обычно лучше ощущают свои чувства по сравнению с закрытыми людьми. Они думают и действуют в индивидуалистичной, нонконформной манере. Интеллектуалы обычно получают высокие оценки по фактору открытости опыту, поэтому этот фактор также называют «культура» или «интеллект», но, тем не менее, интеллект скорее относится к одному из аспектов открытости. Показатели по фактору открытости опыту незначительно коррелируют с уровнем образования и оценками по стандартным тестам уровня интеллекта.

Другой характеристикой открытого мыслительного процесса является способность рассуждать с использованием символов и абстракций, которые не связаны с практическим жизненным опытом. В зависимости от конкретных интеллектуальных возможностей индивида, такой символический мыслительный процесс может принять форму математического, логического или геометрического мышления, артистичного и метафорического использования языка, сочинения или исполнения музыки, или других визуальных или исполнительских видов искусства. Люди с низким показателем открытости к опыту имеют узкие и распространённые интересы. Они предпочитают простые, ясные и очевидные вещи сложным, неоднозначным и тонким. Они могут относиться к наукам и искусству с подозрением, считая эти занятия заумными и не имеющими практической цели. Закрытые люди предпочитают уже знакомое всему новому; они консервативны и сопротивляются изменениям. Открытость обычно считается психологами более полезной или зрелой, так как они сами часто открыты новому опыту. Однако открытый и закрытый способ мышления имеет смысл в разной окружающей обстановке. Интеллектуальный стиль открытого человека будет полезен университетскому преподавателю, однако исследования показали, что закрытый стиль связан с лучшей эффективностью работы в сферах охраны правопорядка, продаж и обслуживания клиентов.

Аспекты открытости:

Воображение (Imagination)

Для индивидов с хорошим воображением реальный мир слишком прост и обычен. Люди с высоким показателем по этой шкале используют фантазию для создания более богатого и интересного мира. Люди с низким показателем больше ориентируются на факты, чем на фантазии.

Артистичность (Artistic Interests)

Люди с высоким показателем по данной шкале ценят красоту как в искусстве, так и в природе. Они легко вовлекаются в художественные и природные события. Они не обязательно имеют художественное образование или талант, однако многие обладают ими. Отличительная черта данного аспекта — интерес и любовь к природной и рукотворной красоте. Люди с низкой оценкой не обладают эстетическими чувствами и интересом к искусству.

Эмоциональность (Emotionality)

People with a high emotional rate are able to use and understand their own feelings. People with low scores are less likely to understand their feelings and usually do not express their emotions openly.

Adventurousness

People with a high rate of adventure seek to try out new hobbies, travel abroad and gain new experience. They find boring routines and familiar things, and often choose a new route to the house just because it is different. People with low ratings often feel uncomfortable with the changes and prefer the routine they know.

Intellect

Intelligence and artistry are the two central and most important aspects of openness to experience. Highly rated IQ people like to play with ideas. They are receptive to new and unusual ideas, and like to discuss intellectual issues. They enjoy riddles, puzzles and difficult tasks. People with low scores prefer interacting with people or objects rather than ideas. They consider intellectual exercise a waste of time. Psychological intelligence is not equivalent to rationality - the aspect of intelligence denotes only a style of thinking, not intellectual abilities, but, nevertheless, people with a high indicator usually show slightly better results on standard tests of the level of intelligence compared to those that are rated low on this aspect.

Liberalism

Psychological liberalism means a willingness to challenge authorities, customs and traditional values. In its most extreme form, psychological liberalism can manifest itself in open hostility to the rules, sympathy for lawbreakers, and a love of uncertainty, chaos and disorder. Psychological conservatives prefer the safety and stability of following traditions. Psychological liberalism and conservatism are not identical to political affiliation, but definitely predispose individuals to the choice of certain political parties.

• Psychological testing
• Psychometry
• Psychodiagnostics
• MMPI
• 16-factor personality questionnaire

• Long Version of IPIP NEO-PI - (English)
• Short Version of IPIP NEO-PI - (English)