Evgeniy Borisovich Efet ( 1909 , Evpatoria - November 14, 1941 , near the Peninsula Hanko ) - military sailor, captain of the 3rd rank , commander of the destroyer “Proud”.
| Evgeny Efet | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||
| Date of Birth | 1909 | |||
| Place of Birth | Evpatoria , Tavricheskaya province , Russian Empire | |||
| Date of death | November 14, 1941 | |||
| Place of death | at the Peninsula Hanko , Finland | |||
| Affiliation |  the USSR | |||
| Type of army | Navy | |||
| Years of service | 1934 - 1941 | |||
| Rank |  captain of the 3rd rank | |||
| Battles / Wars | Soviet-Finnish War (1939-1940) ,
| |||
| Awards and prizes |
| |||
Content
Biography
Born and raised in Evpatoria in the Karaite family. From childhood he dreamed of becoming a sailor. During the summer holidays he worked as a boatman [1] . After graduating from the Yevpatoria 9-year school in 1927, he moved to Leningrad , worked at the Krasny Putilovets factory, in 1930 entered the MV Frunze Naval School , where he became a member of the Communist Party [2] . Having successfully completed the school in 1933, Yevgeny Borisovich served as a navigator on the destroyer Lenin . On the minesweeper "Cluses", he worked first as an assistant, and then as a commander [3] [2] .
In 1939 he was appointed commander of the destroyer "Karl Marx" [2] . With his ship he took part in the Finnish war , after which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner , and twelve members of his crew were awarded orders and medals [4] .
On the eve of World War II, Yevgeny Borisovich Efet became the commander of the destroyer Gordy, and the battalion commissar Dmitry Ivanovich Sakhno became military commissar . During the operation to evacuate the garrison of the Hanko Naval Base on November 13, 1941, a detachment of ships consisting of the destroyers “Severe” and “Proud”, the mine-laying bar “Ural”, 4 minesweepers (T-206, T-217, T-211, T -215), 6 small hunter boats and two submarines L-2 and M-98 went in the direction of the naval base of Hanko. On the way, the ships were subjected to torpedo attacks twice, after midnight they began to force a minefield, and explosions began in the trawls. At 00.44 on November 14, the MO-301 cutter was blown up by a mine and the entire crew was killed; Immediately after the explosion, the destroyer “Severe” and the minesweeper T-217 collided due to uncoordinated actions, and the destroyer received a significant hole. When his crew eliminated the damage and the ship began to pick up speed, a mine exploded at the side, the ship lost its course and received significant damage. To assist him, 2 minesweepers returned. After an unsuccessful struggle to save the ship, its crew (230 people) was taken on board by boats and minesweepers, the destroyer was scuttled. The submarine L-2 also died on mines (the crew killed 49 people, 3 people were rescued), and the submarine M-98 went missing (its fate is unknown to date).
Only the destroyer Proud, Ural, 1 minesweeper and 3 boats continued to move to Hanko. The strip trawled by the minesweeper was obviously not enough for safe navigation, moreover, all the ships were “scouring” while moving, it was practically impossible to go into the wake to each other. As a result, at 3.20, at 3.30 and at 3.36, the destroyer “Proud” hit mine three times, sustained heavy damage and sank. 87 crew members were rescued. Among the dead were the commander of the destroyer E. B. Efet, the commissar, the senior officer and other officers who refused to flee before their subordinates. At 8.46, only the minelayer Ural and 2 small hunter boats arrived on Hanko (members of the crew of the deceased Proud were on board).
This is described in the leaflet of the political department of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet , released in 1942 :
| ... The destroyer stern went so deep under water that it became impossible to walk on the upper deck. It was possible to move along it only by crawling, clinging to the brackets and protrusions ... Only a few seconds remained before the death of the ship, but neither the commander nor the commissar left the bridge. From other ships they heard that from the bridge of the sinking destroyer something was shouting to those who clung to the anchor devices on the rearing tank. Efet and Sakhno encouraged the sailors. And suddenly there was singing. At first, the barely audible voices sounded louder and louder. The sounds of the " Internationale " floated above the night sea. He was sang by the commander of the ship Efet, the military commissar of Sakhno, sang by the sailors who remained on the ship [5] . |
Family
His father, Boris Efet, a carpenter , left the family when Eugene was 6 months old [3] .
Mother - Gulyush Ruvimovna Efet, dressmaker [3] [6] .
Since 1937, the Efetov family lived in Oranienbaum (now Lomonosov).
His wife, Valentina Ivanovna Kurova (January 28, 1909 - June 12, 1999), worked as a general practitioner in an outpatient clinic.
- Son - Eugene E. Efet (June 21, 1938 - March 3, 1993). Together with his mother and grandfather Ivan Ivanovich Kurov (1880–1950), he was buried at Holy Trinity Orthodox Cemetery of Lomonosov [7] [8] .
The memory of Efeta
- Eugeny Efeta Street in Lomonosov
- Efeta Street in Evpatoria [9]
- In 1976 , the Eugene Efet motor ship was built at the Illichivsk Shipyard, which is depicted on stamps issued in 1980 and 1982 .
- A plaque on the building of the gymnasium them. I. Selvinsky (former school number 10) in Evpatoria, where Eugene Efet studied [10] [11]
Notes
- ↑ Drachuk, Smirnova, Chelyshev, 1979 , p. 62.
- ↑ 1 2 3 V.F. Tributs . The Balts are fighting . - Moscow : Military Publishing , 1985. - p. 156-168.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Elyashevich, 1993 , p. 67.
- ↑ Elyashevich, 1993 , p. 68
- ↑ M. Korsunsky. Commander "Proud"
- ↑ Representatives of Karaite families // Karaite Folk Encyclopedia / ed. Yu. A. Polkanova, M.E. Khafuza, A.I. Ochan, E.I. Chaush, R.A. Ayvaz, E.I. Lebedeva. - Moscow : Astra Seven, 2000. - Vol. 6: Karaite House, Book. I. - p. 68. - 268 p. - ( Karaite folk encyclopedia : in 6 t. / Ch. Ed. M. Sarac; 1995-2007). - ISBN S-201-14258-6 (1).
- ↑ Squadron destroyer “Proud” (from the collection “The Great Patriotic War in Letters”)
- ↑ Parahud V. A., Panov V. A. The Oranienbaum Necropolis: The Experience of Historical Reconstruction // Nevsky Archive. Issue VII. SPb., 2006. P. 349—392
- ↑ Fuki, 1995 , p. 72.
- ↑ Fuki, 1995 , p. 73.
- ↑ Kropotov V.S. Conservation of historical memory . ECC "KALE" (February 11, 2011). The appeal date is April 27, 2019.
Literature
- Smirnov N. K. Notes of a member of the Military Council
- E. Voyskunsky. The Ballad of the Gulf of Finland // Journal "Friendship of Peoples", 2005, № 3
- Drachuk V.S. , Smirnova V.P. , Chelyshev Yu.V. Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten // Evpatoria. - Simferopol: Tavria, 1979. - 160 p. - 50 000 copies
- Elyashevich B.S. Part II. Karaite Biographical Dictionary (from the end of the XVIII century to 1960) // Karaites / ed. M.N. Guboglo, A.I. Kuznetsov, L.I. Missonova, Yu. B. Simchenko, V.A. Tishkov. - M .: Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1993. - Prince. 2. - 238 s. - (“Peoples and Cultures”; vol. XIV). - 250 copies - ISSN 0868-586X .
- Fuki A. Karaim - sons and daughters of Russia. - M .: Interprint, 1995. - 152 p. - ISBN 5-7100-0143-0 .