Chernovol, Vyacheslav Maksimovich

Born on December 24, 1937 in the village of Yerki, Zvenigorod district, Kiev region (now Katerinopolsky district, Cherkasy region ) in a family of rural teachers. Father - Maxim Iosifovich - came from the ancient Cossack family Chornovilov. Although the countryside did not attach much importance to the pedigree, the family’s historical memory reached several generations — at the time of the final enslavement of the Cossacks, when the enslaved village of Vilkhovets left the rebellious Stratin Chornovil and, having passed a life path similar to Nikolai Jerry from the story of Nechui-Levitsky, settled in the free Yurkovka (both sat in Shevchenko's Zvenigorod Region).

Mother - Akulina Kharitonovna Tereshchenko - belonged to one of the branches of a known type of sugar manufacturers and sponsors Tereshchenko. In Olkhovka passed the childhood and youthful years of Vyacheslav and his elder brother Boris (now deceased) and younger sister Valentina. Now, in Olkhovka of the Chornovil family, there is no one left, only some of the toponyms about the ancient generations are reminded: the Chornovil corner and the Chornovilov forest. In 1946, together with his family, he moved to the village of Olkhovets and went to school right away to the second grade. He graduated from school in 1955 and entered the philological faculty of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University . In the second year he moved to the faculty of journalism, he was a Komsomol .

In 1958, he had his first problems with his political views, and he was forced to leave for a year in Zhdanov to build a blast furnace. Already then it was published in various newspapers. In 1960 he graduated with honors from the university and defended his thesis "Publicism of Boris Grinchenko".

From July 1960 to May 1963, Vyacheslav Chernovol worked at the Lviv television studio, first as an editor, then as a senior editor of programs for young people.

He began to act as a literary critic, exploring the works of T. Shevchenko , V. Samiilenko , B. Grinchenko .

In May 1963 he moved to Kiev to continue his scientific work on the history of Ukrainian literature. From then until September 1964, he worked on the construction of the Kiev Hydroelectric Power Station and lived in Vyshgorod. In 1964 he made a candidate minimum, passed through the competition to the graduate school of the Kiev Pedagogical Institute, but was not allowed to study on political convictions. This became an obstacle to the defense of an almost ready dissertation on publicistic creativity and social activity of B. Grinchenko. In 1964 he defended his thesis and got a job in the newspaper "Young Guard". Chernovil started the national liberation movement of the sixties in Ukraine together with I. Svetlichny, I. Dzyuba, E. Sverstiuk, V. Stus, Igor and Irina Kalynets, A. Gorsky, M. Plakhotnyuk, L. Tanyuk, G. Sevruk and others. Vyacheslav Chornovil was one of the most prominent organizers and activists of this movement, in the 60s-70s opposed the Soviet totalitarian regime, advocated the revival of Ukraine, its language, culture, spirituality, state sovereignty. He took an active part in the activities of the Kiev Club of Creative Youth (KTM).

On September 4, 1965, Vyacheslav Chernovol, Vasily Stus and Ivan Dziuba performed at the cinema " Ukraine " at the premiere of Sergei Parajanov 's film " Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors " in protest against the arrest of the Ukrainian anti-Soviet intelligentsia - the so-called. " Sixties ". For this, Chernovol was dismissed from the "Young Guard". After that, he got a job in the newspaper “Friend of the reader” literary worker.

In November 1967, he was first sentenced to six years in a colony of strict regime. The reason was his book about the sixties "Woe from Wit." After an early release in 1969, he was interrupted by odd jobs - he worked as an observer at a meteorological station in Transcarpathia , as a digger on an archaeological expedition during the excavations of ancient Tyra in the Odessa region , as a loader at a railway station in Lviv.

Since 1970, he published the underground journal Ukrainian Herald, for which he was convicted for the second time in 1972 - six years in a high-security penal colony and three years of exile. Punishment served in Mordovia and Yakutia . In 1978 he was released.

May 22, 1979 became a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group .

In May 1980, he was arrested for the third time and exiled to Yakutia for five years. However, in 1983, Chernovol was released, although without the right to leave for Ukraine, where he returned only in 1985 .

In 1988, Chernovol tried to deprive the Soviet citizenship, but he called on all countries of the world not to accept it. In the same year, together with other dissidents, he created the Ukrainian Helsinki Union - this was the first attempt of political opposition to the Soviet government.

On September 8 - 10, 1989, with the participation of Chernovol, the People’s Ruh of Ukraine for Perestroika was created (later - the People’s Ruh of Ukraine ).

March 30, 1990, was elected a people's deputy of Ukraine, receiving 68.60% of the votes, with 7 candidates (in a single-mandate district). In April 1990, he was also elected head of the Lviv Regional Council.

In October 1991, at the Big Cossack Rada he was elected Hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks. On December 1, 1991, he took second place in the first presidential elections in Ukraine , gaining 7,420,727 votes (23.27%).

From February 28 to March 1, 1992, the Third All-Ukrainian gatherings of the NRU were held, at which the split of the party was prevented, which was brewing in connection with the confrontation of Vyacheslav Chernovil, on the one hand, and Ivan Drach and Mikhail Goryn , on the other. All three leaders were chosen as the Co-Chairs of the NRU. At the Fourth All-Ukrainian Assembly of the NRU in December 1992, he was elected the sole leader of the party. Dissatisfied with his policies, they left the party and created the “Popular Rukh of Ukraine”, whose political activities soon faded away.

In March 1994, Vyacheslav Chernovol was elected for the second time as people's deputy of Ukraine (62.52% of the vote, with 15 candidates).

From 1995 until his death, he was a member of the Ukrainian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE).

At the March 29, 1998 elections to the Verkhovna Rada for the third time he was elected people's deputy of Ukraine.

At the Ninth All-Ukrainian Assembly of the NRU, held from December 12 to December 13, 1998, he nominated his candidacy for the planned for 1999 presidential elections in Ukraine, together with Gennady Udovenko . However, in January 1999, he withdrew his candidacy. February 28, 1999 in the NRU occurs the next split. Deputy Vyacheslav Chernovol Yuriy Kostenko, with a group of supporters, is trying to come to power, but his actions are recognized as illegal, and the leadership remains with Vyacheslav Chernovol. Shortly thereafter, Vyacheslav Chernovol died in a car accident.

On March 25, 1999, Vyacheslav Chernovol, who was returning from Kirovograd, and his driver, Yevgeny Pavlov, on a Toyota car collided with a KamAZ vehicle on a 5 km long Borispol - Zolotonosha highway. Chernovol's car crashed into a KamAZ with a trailer that was turning in the middle of the highway. Vyacheslav Chernovol was buried on the central alley of the Baikovskoye cemetery in Kiev . The funerals were held on March 29, 1999, more than 200 thousand people came to the funeral. The coffin with the body of Vyacheslav Chornovil was carried in his arms from the Vladimirsky Cathedral to Baikov cemetery.

The very morning after the death, then Interior Minister Yuri Kravchenko , without waiting for the preliminary results of the investigation, said that the leader of the NRU and his driver died in a traffic accident and that "the version of the attempt on Vyacheslav Chernovol was not even considered a cause of his death." In 2000, one of those who were in the cab of the dump truck (Ivan Sholom) - the main witness - suddenly died of a heart attack ^[1] .

From the very beginning, representatives of the NRU called the death of their leader a political assassination. However, the case of the death of Vyacheslav Chernovil was closed in June 1999. The investigation resumed on March 27, 2001, but was soon again discontinued. In March 2005, the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada from the NRU appealed to the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko with a request to resume the investigation of the case. On 4 April 2005, the investigative actions were resumed by the then Attorney General Svyatoslav Piskun , additional materials were collected, but after Piskun’s resignation on 14 October 2005, the investigation again stopped. In August 2006, it was renewed again.

On March 18, 2007, the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine received the results of an independent expert examination from Poland , which confirmed the version of the accident ^[2] .

People's Deputies (in the past - members of the People's Republic of Ukraine ) Yaroslav Kendzer and Ivan Stoyko stated that during the investigation, traces of the blows from brass knuckles were fixed on Chernovol’s head. Taras Chernovol agreed to the exhumation of the body of his father, after which the General Prosecutor's Office announced that he had taken the grave of his father under protection ^[3] .

On the night of June 2, 2011, the General Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine , having previously obtained the consent of the son, exhumed the body of Vyacheslav Chernovil ^{[4] [5]} .

On March 14, 2012, the Borispolsky Court of the Kiev Region began a court hearing on the full procedure with a judicial investigation on the case of the death of Vyacheslav Chernovol ^[6] .

On April 9 and 10, 2013, the court judge of the Boryspil court, S. M. Voznyuk, held court hearings in a criminal case on the charge of V. M. Kudeli for committing a crime under part 4 of art. 215 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (as amended by 1960) on the death of the People's Deputy Vyacheslav Chernovol. In the case of an additional request for the interrogation of additional witnesses ^[7] .

On January 21, 2014, the Boryspil Interdistrict Court of the Kiev Region closed the case on the death of Vyacheslav Chornovil, recognizing it as an accident ^[8] .

According to Taras Chernovol, expressed by him at the beginning of 2014, his father was “killed because they were afraid that he would break the scheme for unhindered access to the second round of Kuchma and Simonenko , which would guarantee Kuchma victory” ^[8] .

• Father - Maxim Iosifovich Chernovol ( 1909 - 1987 ) - a teacher of the Ukrainian language and Ukrainian literature.
• Mother - Kilina Kharitonovna Tereshchenko ( 1909 - 1985 ) - a primary school teacher.
• Sister - Valentina Maksimovna Chernovol (born 1948 ).
• The first wife is Irina Nikolaevna Brunets ^[9] .
  • Son - Andrew Chernovol (born June 21, 1962 ) - doctor, associate professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Lviv Daniil Galitsky National Medical University, deputy of the Lviv Regional Council in 2002 - 2006 , short-term head of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in Ukraine party in July 2004 , self-nominated candidate in the 2004 presidential election .
• The second wife - Elena Timofeevna Antoniv ( November 17, 1937 - February 2, 1986 ) - a dissident, died in a car accident.
  • The son - Taras Chernovol (born July 1, 1964 ) is a people's deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine since 2000 (in 2000 he was elected from the NRU, in 2002 from the Reform and Order party, in 2006 and 2007 from the Party of Regions ).
• The third wife - Atena Vasilievna Pashko ( October 10, 1931 - March 20, 2012 ) - poetess, chairman of the All-Ukrainian Union of Ukrainians ^[10] .
  • The stepdaughter - Irina Vasilyevna Volytska-Zubko (daughter of Athena Pashko from her first marriage) - is the stage director of the Theater in the Basket theater in Lviv.

• Awarded the title Hero of Ukraine - ( 2000 , posthumously).
• Awarded the Order of Yaroslav the Wise, V degree ( 1997 ) ^[11] .
• Winner of the National Prize of Ukraine named after Taras Shevchenko ( 1996 ) in the field of journalism and journalism.
• Winner of the International Journalism Prize. Nicholas Tomalina ( 1975 ).

• In early September 1999, the first monument to Vyacheslav Chernovol in Ukraine was erected in Kanev ^[12] .
• On August 21, 2000, Vyacheslav Chernovol was posthumously awarded the title Hero of Ukraine ^[13] .
• In 2000 in Khmelnitsky, ul. Industrial was renamed to Vyacheslav Chernovol street. On March 24, 2001 a memorial plaque to the Hero of Ukraine Vyacheslav Chernovol was opened on this street.
• December 24, 2002 in Kiev, the office-museum of Vyacheslav Chernovol was opened.
• December 28, 2002 in Lviv, a monument to Vyacheslav Chornovil (sculptor Ivan Samotos ).
• On March 25, 2003, the tradition was laid to conduct the “Chernovol readings”, the purpose of which is to study the work of Vyacheslav Chernovol.
• In 2003, a commemorative coin of two hryvnia was issued in honor of Vyacheslav Chornovil ^[14] .
• On July 23, 2005, by order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Lviv State Institute of Advanced Technologies and Management was named after Hero of Ukraine Vyacheslav Chernovol.
• On September 25, 2005, a monument to Vyacheslav Chernovol was unveiled in Ivano-Frankivsk .
• On March 1, 2006 in Dnepropetrovsk, one of the city’s boulevards was renamed into Vyacheslav Chornovil Boulevard ^[15] .
• July 17 - August 10, 2006, the All-Ukrainian tour of the National Assembly of Ukraine in major cities of the country was held in order to demonstrate a film about Vyacheslav Chernovol “The Awakening Stone State”. The premiere of the film made in four cities of Ukraine ( Kiev , Lviv, Donetsk and Mariupol ) took place on August 21, 2006 .
• On August 23, 2006, in Kiev , in front of the building, where in 1989 the headquarters of the NRU was located, a monument to Vyacheslav Chernovol (sculptor Bogdan Mazur ) was opened. The opening of this monument was postponed twice - first from December 24, 2005 to March 25, 2006 , and then from March 25, 2006 to August 23, 2006 . The opening was attended by Viktor Yushchenko, who said that he doubted the accidental death of the founder of the NRU: investigative agencies .
• On December 1, 2006, a square in front of the Kiev apartment of Vyacheslav Chernovol (27 Panas Mirny St.), in which he lived from 1993 until the day of his death, was named after him. In addition, a memorial sign was installed in the park.
• On December 24, 2006, in the village of Olkhovets, Zvenigorod district, Cherkasy region, in the house of Chernovol, where Vyacheslav Chernovol lived in 1946–1955 , a museum was opened. This museum became an integral part of the tourist route “Golden Horseshoe of Cherkasy region” ^[16] . On December 23, 2007, a bust of Chernovil was opened on the estate.
• On August 23, 2007, a monument to Vyacheslav Chernovol was opened in Nikolaev .
• On December 21, 2007, a monument to Vyacheslav Chernovol was unveiled in Khmelnitsky .
• On March 30, 2008, a memorial plaque was opened on the building on Lunacharsky Street in Kirovograd with the words “ In this building, Vyacheslav Chernovol spent the last day of his life ” ^[17] .
• December 24, 2008 issued a postage stamp with a portrait of Vyacheslav Chernovil.
• On March 12, 2009 in Kirovograd , Lunacharsky Street was renamed into Chernovol Street ^[18] .
• In 2011, an area in Kherson was named in honor of V. M. Chernovol.
• In honor of Chernovol six schools, two institutes and several streets are named. Edited by his sister Chernovil published ten volumes of his works. Operates headed by the widow Chernovol "International Charitable Fund Vyacheslav Chernovil."
• In Sumy, a street is named in honor of Chernovol (formerly Kalinin).
• December 13, 2012 in Cherkassy in his honor was named one of the central streets of the city (formerly Engels) ^[19] .
• In Kherson, the Kindiya highway was renamed into Vyacheslav Chernovol highway.
• On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the birth of Vyacheslav Chernovol st. New in Odessa was renamed in his honor (Odessa City Council Decision No. 2953-V dated July 10, 2008)

Monuments

• Monuments V.M. Chernovol
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  Monument in Lviv

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  Monument in Ivano-Frankivsk

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  Monument in Nikolaev

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  Monument on the grave in Kiev

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  Bust in Khmelnitsky

• Narodni Rukh of Ukraine :: Vyacheslav Chornovil :: Zhittєpis (ukr.)
• Vyacheslav Chornovil. Life is dedicated to Ukraine (ukr.)
• Works of Vyacheslav Chernovol (ukr.)
• Photos by Vyacheslav Chernovil (ukr.)
• Events in honor of the 70th birthday of V. M. Chernovol (ukr.)
• D / f "Awakening Stone State" (inaccessible link)
• D / f "Road Vyacheslav Chornovil"