Goy esi (later also distorted “goyas”) is a welcome-great formula in the meaning of “be alive!” Or “be healthy!”. It is characteristic of folklore and is found primarily in epic texts ("Oh, you goy, good fellow!").
See at M. Yu. Lermontov: “Oh you goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilievich!” [1] , at A. K. Tolstoy: “Goy, my flowers, steppe flowers!”, [2] by Sergei Yesenin: "Goy, Russia, my dear ...". [3]
Content
- 1 Etymology
- 2 notes
- 3 Literature
- 4 References
Etymology
Goy is an old Russian word with meanings related to life and life-giving power; comes from the pre-Indo-European root * gi - "live." The etymological development of the verb is presented as follows: pra-i. * g ṷ ī- “live” → great-ie * g ṷ oi̭o- “life” → praslav. * goj → praslav. * gojiti "live." Historically, the same root is to live in words from al. life (here is another stage of alternation) with the initial value “feed, eat, recover”, “life”, “live”, “live”. In Dahl's dictionary, to go is old. "To speak, live, hello." [4] In I. I. Sreznevsky, goiti is “living,” [5] that is, goy can be considered as a form of imperative mood from this verb. In the Ukrainian language, the word zagota , and in the Belarusian zagait means “to heal”, “to heal” (for example, wounds). In addition, the word goy is attested in the Old Russian language and in other contexts, where it is interpreted (according to the dictionary of I. I. Sreznevsky) as “peace, tranquility, pax, fides, amicitia”. Yesi is an outdated personal form of the verb-connective "to be" in the second person singular.
In modern Russian, the word goy was de-etymologized and perceived only as an interjection in the composition of this formula, it becomes a “shouting, encouraging call” (according to Dahl’s dictionary).
The word rogue (from obsolescence ), preserved in the modern language, is associated with the root goy . In Old Russian, it was a social term and meant a person "outlived", "survived", that is, lost its connection with its social environment. [6] [7] Based on a similar meaning of the word outcast , some scholars interpret the goy esi formula as a sign of belonging to a community (clan, tribe, nation, race): "You are ours, of our bloods."
Notes
- ↑ M. Yu. Lermontov “A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young oprichnik and the daring merchant Kalashnikov”
- ↑ Alexey Tolstoy “My bells, steppe flowers!” Archived copy of November 25, 2010 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Sergey Yesenin “Goy you, Russia, my dear” Archived October 7, 2011 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language of Vladimir Dahl “Goit” (inaccessible link) (unavailable link from 06/14/2016 [1197 days])
- ↑ I. I. Sreznevsky “Material for the dictionary of the Old Russian language”, vol. I, St. Petersburg, 1903 (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Yu. V. Otkupschikov “To the sources of the word: Stories about the science of etymology” M .: Education, 1986, p. 62
- ↑ The Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary, ed. A.M. Prokhorova M., Sov. Encyclopedia, 1987
Literature
- “Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages: the Pre-Slavic Lexical Fund” / Ed. O. N. Trubacheva . - M., 1979. - Vol. 6
Links
- Grebenshchikova N. S. “The turn of the gay man in a series of East Slavic welcoming questions about health” // “Ancient Russia. Questions of Medieval Studies. " 2007. No. 4 (30). S. 90-103.
- Mullagalieva A.G. Notes on the etymology of words with the root * gi- (words rogue and nut in Russian and other Slavic languages) // II International Baudouin Readings: Kazan Linguistic School: Traditions and the Present (Kazan, December 11-13, 2003 ): Works and materials: In 2 t. / Under the total. ed. K.R. Galiullina, G.A. Nikolaeva.- Kazan: Kazan Publishing House. University, 2003.- T. 2.- C.87-89
- A. G. Mullagalieva “Functional and semantic features of the words of an etymological nest with a root * gi- in Russian”, Tatar State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Kazan