Karacharovo (former village, Moscow)

The village was located south of the current platform "Karacharovo" on both sides of the modern Ryazan Avenue . The encyclopedia "Moscow" defines Karacharovo as "a place located south of the platform of the same name." ^[one]

In addition, now usually Karacharov is also understood as the territory north of the Karacharovo platform , limited by three railway lines: the Small Ring of the Moscow Railway , the Kazan and Gorky directions of the Moscow Railway - after all, there is the final bus station Karacharovo, as well as 1- I , 2nd and 3rd Karacharovsky streets and Karacharovsky highway . Earlier in this territory, the villages of Fraser and the Caucasus, as well as the Old and New Karacharovsky villages were located ^[2] .

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the village

• according to the official: from the surname of the Karacharovs servants, who had their family tree Fyodor Karacharov, who lived in the second half of the 15th century, tyun (ruler) of the prince M. A. Vereisky ^{[3] [4]} .

There are also several popular, but not very believable versions ^[5] :

• “ Punishment for enchantment ” - that is, the name came from the settlements, the first population of which were residents of Moscow , sent here because of their commitment to witchcraft and sorcery.
• “ Punishment for charu ” - that is, the name of the settlement was received due to the excessive addiction of the local population to the “green serpent”, that is, to the cup. Although it is doubtful that at a time when the tsar’s decrees forbade even to drive “cocks” (drunkards) from taverns, they could send someone for drunkenness from Moscow.
• from the two Tatar words “ kara ” and “ chura ”, which in Russian means “black hero”. A significant part of the population of the village, indeed, were Tatars. True, most have always been Russian.

Karacharovo Village

Karacharovo is an ancient village, known since the 16th century . The first mention of it as the possession of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery dates back to 1571 ^[3] . Initially, Karacharovo was spread out near the present Novaya railway station of the Kazan Railway, on a high hill near the Klyuchiki pond (the upper reaches of the Nishchenka River ), which was famous for its clear spring water. Here the old Kolomenskaya road passed, and nearby was a large forest. The life of the Karacharovites was not very calm, as the surrounding forest gradually became a refuge for the robber gangs who were robbing on the Kolomenskaya road. Because of the robberies, those traveling to the capital began to shun this road, preferring the new Kolomenskaya road (now Ryazansky Prospekt ), which was laid in another, open place.

After the ruins of the Time of Troubles, Karacharovo, which in the documents of the beginning of the XVII century appears to be a wasteland, was given to the tsar’s captain Vasily I. Streshnev for “construction”. Boyarin not only restored the village with the courtyard and the Church of the Three Saints, but also founded on the Ryazan road a new settlement of Karacharovo with 42 peasant yards and the church of the Icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary “The Sign”. In 1661, the boyar returned the village and the settlement to Andronikov monastery . Subsequently, a monastery courtyard with two gardens was located on the site of the village, and the settlement grew and became the new village of Karacharov ^[3] .

In 1764, the village of Karacharovo passed from the monastery to the government department ^[3] . In 1773 - 1776, a stone church was built here in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity , which has survived to our time ( Ryazan Avenue , 3).

In those days, Karacharovo was, most likely, a large inn. The trade road suggested the presence of taverns, yamshchitsky stations, shelters. Over the years, Karacharovo grew, which again contributed to its location on a busy road and proximity to Moscow. The peasant community intensively developed gardening: mainly planted potatoes, and also specialized in some handicrafts. They twisted cords and ropes, knitted nets for cribs and hammocks. The most skillful braided cords with multi-colored silks and made men's belts with colorful tassels. All these products were marketed in Moscow markets. The peasants paid the rent to the Andronikov monastery , and also worked off corvee on the sloping lands of the monastery ^[5] .

By 1884, the village had a zemstvo school, three vegetable shops, a tavern, one hundred yards with a population of 260 people.

Country area

At the end of the 19th century, Perovo , Kuskovo, Veshnyaki and the villages adjacent to them began to be intensively built up with cottages. This process accelerated after laying the tracks of the Ryazan (now Kazan) and Nizhny Novgorod (now Gorky ) railways. Particularly extensive construction was carried out in the area of Perov and Chukhlinka (together - more than 300 cottages by the beginning of the 20th century ), but there were also many cottages in the Karacharov area. The picturesque landscapes of this area were very attractive to Muscovites. Due to the proximity to Moscow and Perov , cottages and electricity were supplied to the cottages in the 1870s . It is clear that only wealthy people could buy a summer house in this area. However, the construction of cottages did not stop and was interrupted only by the October Revolution . Not a single summer house has been left either in Karacharovo or in Perov - during the civil war, part of them was pulled down for firewood, and during the industrialization all the summer houses were finally demolished ^[5] .

In 1904, the village was damaged by a major tornado . V. A. Gilyarovsky wrote in his "Reporting":

The people standing in front of me were the first to meet the tornado and were saved by accident. All of them paint the same picture. Ahead, where the tornado came from, a wide field beyond which there are a mile and a half in the village of Karacharovo and the village of Khokhlovka.

Despite a cloudy morning, the distance is clearly visible, and you can distinguish the destroyed houses of Karacharov and the bell tower without a cross: it was torn off from part of the dome.

Under Soviet

It seemed that the fate of many villages near Moscow, "riding" roads to the capital, was waiting for Karacharovo. In addition, the Ryazan road remained one of the busiest. From the end of spring to the first snow, from dawn to dark, peasant carts rattled on it forged wheels. Oats, hay were brought to Moscow , and vegetables, berries, and apples from more southern regions. In the city, mainly fertilizers for fields and household items were purchased. The cargo flow did not decrease in the winter as well - they supplied the capital with fish (often from the Caspian itself), another meal from distant villages that they wanted to sell at a higher price. The brooms were in great demand among Moscow janitors.

After the October Revolution , as in other villages in Russia , according to the Decree on Land, land was redistributed with the expectation of each consumer. At the same time, the liquidation of the landed estates and their division among the peasants took place. On June 11, 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted the Decree, on the basis of which volost and rural committees of the poor were created everywhere. They became the strongholds of the dictatorship of the proletariat in the countryside and strengthened the position of Soviet power in the countryside. However, in the first years after October, the economy of the village of Karacharovo changed little. As before, the owners of the gardens grew vegetables and potatoes, selling them on the markets of Moscow, and artisans engaged in their craft. They leased their land plots to gardeners.

But in the summer of 1918 , with the outbreak of civil war , the situation in the country changed dramatically. The hardships and deprivations did not go around and the villages near Moscow. Moscow was in dire need of food and fuel. Therefore, the Moscow Council and the Moscow Party Committee decided to form “forest squads” from the workers to cut firewood and deliver them to Moscow . One of such detachments was cut down a large Karacharovsky Baulin forest, still remaining from a huge forest. Apparently, part of the cottages was dismantled by one of such detachments.

Industry Growth

In 1901, not far from Karacharov, “Perovsky Carriage Workshops” were founded (later it was the “ Moscow Locomotive Repair Plant ”), which later became one of the main industrial enterprises of the region (43 Perovskoye Shosse ).

After the civil war and the post-war devastation, the Soviet government adopted a course towards collectivization and industrialization . The first five-year plan and the collectivization of agriculture radically changed the lives of the Karacharovites. At the end of 1929, the collective farm “Red Victory” appeared in the village. True, he managed to survive only until 1931 . In connection with the industrialization program, land was needed for the construction of plants and factories, and the land of the Krasnaya Pobeda collective farm was allocated for the construction of industrial facilities. The first in Karacharov are the Frezer plant (later Energofrezer), which specializes in the manufacture of metal-cutting machine tools, and the Steelmost plant (now the Stankoagregat plant). The land was allocated not only for factories, but also for factory houses, premises for builders. In 1938, at the beginning of the present Perovsky highway , the Karacharovo warehouse base was organized, which is now part of the Glavsnab system.

As part of Perovo and then Moscow

In 1938, the village of Karacharovo entered the line of the city of Perovo near Moscow.

In 1948, it was decided to create workshops in Karacharov that supply metal structures for the high-rise building under construction at Moscow State University . A spire with a star on the building of Moscow State University, as well as the first elevators of Moscow University, were built in these workshops, in 1950 called the Karacharov Mechanical Plant (KMZ). The steel and aluminum metal structures manufactured at the plant were used in the construction and decoration of such unique buildings as the Kremlin Palace of Congresses , the Ostankino television center , the circus on Vernadsky Prospekt , the cinema Pushkinskiy, Oktyabr, Mir, the Tretyakov Gallery , the memorial on Poklonnaya Hill , a bowl for the Olympic flame , installed at the Luzhniki stadium for the Olympics-80 , was also made at KMZ ^[6] .

Moreover, the area north of the Gorky Railway and the Karacharovo platform was already included in Moscow by 1950. On May 8, 1950, here, in the former Old and New Karacharovsky villages, three streets were named after the nearby village of Karacharov: 1st , 2nd and 3rd Karacharovsky streets ^{[2] [7]} .

And the village of Karacharovo itself entered the line of Moscow only in 1960 as part of the city of Perovo . Later, the village was built up.

In 1964, by combining Karacharovo Street (the main street of the former village) and Ryazan Highway, Ryazan Avenue was formed ^[8] .

Only the Church of the Holy Trinity Zhivonachalnaya in Karacharov has survived from the village.

Now the territory of the former village is part of the Moscow region " Nizhny Novgorod ", as well as the historical district of Karacharovo . The former village is reminded of the names of the historical district of Moscow, the Karacharovo platform, the Karacharovsky overpass , the Karacharovsky highway , the 1st , 2nd and 3rd Karacharovsky streets , the 1st and 2nd Karacharovsky driveways , as well as the Karacharovsky mechanical plant .

• Karacharovo (historical district of Moscow)
• Karacharovo (Murom) - the birthplace of Ilya Muromets
• Karacharovsky Mechanical Plant
• Construction of 90 and ITL (prisoners - builders of workshops for the manufacture of metal structures and elevators for the Main building of Moscow State University )

• Abstract "The History of Economic Development of Karacharovo." Prepared by A. A. Kochetov, Moscow State Linguistic University. 1998 [1]

• Administration of the Nizhny Novgorod region of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow
• Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Karacharov on the site of the Cathedrals. Ru - National Catalog of Orthodox Culture