The North Russian Workers Union is one of the first working political organizations in the Russian Empire and the first organization of its kind in St. Petersburg . It was formed in 1878 . It was eliminated by the authorities in 1880 .
Content
Overview of the general state of the revolutionary movement in Russia in the 70s of the XIX century
After the abolition of serfdom in Russia, a situation arose when, simultaneously with the developing capitalist economy, feudal communal relations in the countryside were preserved in the country. At the forefront of the revolutionary struggle were the Narodniks , who, standing on the positions of utopian socialism and being themselves from raznochintsy and noble classes, believed that Russia could come to communism through the peasant community, bypassing the state of capitalism, for which (to propagate their ideas) they were engaged in “walking” to the people . " However, as Marx’s teachings penetrated into Russia (with his theory of “class struggle” , the significance of the proletariat as the “grave digger of the bourgeoisie ”, the dictatorship of the proletariat as the only form of transition to communism) and the development of capitalist relations, some Narodniks, carried away by Marxism, began to go not "to the people", but "to the workers." The origin of this “union” is precisely the product of the shift of the attention of the Narodniks from the peasantry to the working class. [one]
Creation History
St. Petersburg in the last quarter of the 19th century was the city of the Russian Empire with the highest concentration of industrial capitalist enterprises, in which there was a rapid increase in the number of proletarian population. The literature of Russian revolutionary emigration penetrated through the port.
The organizers of the Union were D. N. Smirnov, A. E. Gorodnichy, V. I. Saveliev, S. I. Volkov. Conspiracy meetings were held on the 15th line of Vasilievsky Island, 20. Soon, S. N. Khalturin , P. A. Moiseenko and V. P. Obnorsky headed the organization. In December 1878, the charter and program were adopted, which were published in January 1879 in the form of a leaflet "To the Russian Workers!" The “Union” was organized rather archaically - not as a party, but as a secret society, but, nevertheless, it was a huge step forward in the matter of socialist propaganda in the working environment.
The structure and work of the Union
In the working areas of the capital, branches of the Union were created. Each department was headed by a worker who was a member of the Central Circle. An illegal library, a loan and savings bank were organized. By February 1880, illegal immigrants managed to collect and put into operation a printing press in which they began to produce leaflets and the first issue of the working newspaper Rabochaya Zarya (just behind the layout of the first issue of Zarya, a search raged). Members of the Union (about 200 people in total) tried to lead the strikes and sought to turn the Union into an all-Russian organization. They managed to open branches of the Union in Moscow and Helsingfors . In 1880, the Union was defeated by the authorities, and some of its members, who managed to avoid arrests, joined the "People's Will" .
See also
- Populism
- Khalturin, Stepan Nikolaevich
- Obnorsky, Victor Pavlovich
- Zaslavsky, Evgeny Osipovich
- Moiseenko, Peter Anisimovich
Notes
- ↑ Nevsky V.I. Introduction // History of the RCP (b). Short essay. - Reprint of the 2nd edition of 1926 "Surf". - St. Petersburg: Novy Prometheus, 2009. - S. 18-38. - 752 s. - 1,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9901606-1-3 .
Literature
- Nevsky V.I. History of the RCP (b). Short essay. - Reprint of the 2nd edition of 1926 "Surf". - St. Petersburg: Novy Prometheus, 2009 .-- 752 p. - 1,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9901606-1-3 .