Fryazino is a science city in the north-east of the Moscow Region (20 km from Moscow ). The largest center in RussiaMicrowave electronics . The population is 59 987 [1] people. (2019).
| City | |||||
| Fryazino | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| A country |  Russia | ||||
| Subject of the federation | Moscow region | ||||
| City district | Fryazino | ||||
| Chapter | Bocharov Konstantin Vasilievich | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Founded | in 1584 | ||||
| City with | 1951 year | ||||
| Area | 9 kmΒ² | ||||
| Center height | 165 m | ||||
| Timezone | UTC + 3 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | β 59 987 [1] people ( 2019 ) | ||||
| Katoykonim | Fryazinians | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +7 49656, 49625 | ||||
| Postal codes | 141190, 141191, 141195, 141196 | ||||
| OKATO Code | 46480 | ||||
| OKTMO Code | |||||
| fryazino.org | |||||
The city is located within the Meshchera lowland , on the Lyuboseevka river, which flows into the Vorya river ( Klyazma basin). Together with the village, Chizhovo forms an administrative-territorial unit (a city ββof regional significance with an administrative territory) and a municipal formation of the same name in the city ββdistrict of Fryazino .
It is connected with Moscow by the Fryanovsky highway P110 (distance from the Moscow Ring Road 23 km) and the railway line (distance from the Moscow- Yaroslavskaya station ( Yaroslavsky railway station ) βto the Fryazino-Passenger station 41 km).
Content
- 1 History
- 2 population
- 3 Economics
- 4 Education
- 5 Architecture, Attractions
- 6 Transport
- 7 Streets
- 8 Communication
- 8.1 Television
- 8.2 Radio
- 8.3 Printing
- 8.4 Internet Service Providers
- 9 See also
- 10 notes
- 11 Literature
- 12 Links
History
The name of the city, apparently, comes from the builders of the Moscow Kremlin - Freyaz ( Freyaz, Fryazina - the name of the Italians in Russia), where the similar names came from: Fryanovo and Fryazevo .
The first mention is in the scribal books of the Moscow district for 1584-1586: βder. Fryazinova, and Samsonova is also on the river. on Lyubosivka, and in it arable land arable land of 8 families and fallow 27th. in the field, and in two because the hay is 10 kopecks. wood of wood of 5 dess . β Then the village belonged to the estate of Bogdan Belsky .
- In 1784 - the village of Fryazina .
- In the middle of the XIX century, the village of Fryazino belonged to the second camp of the Bogorodsky district of the Moscow province and belonged to the college registrar Fedor Fedorovich Panteleev. The village had 60 yards, peasants 267 male souls and 309 female souls [2] .
- In the βList of Populated Placesβ of 1862, Fryazina is the owner's village of the 2nd camp of the Bogorodsky district of the Moscow province on the right side of the Khomutovsky tract , 28 versts from the county town and 7 versts from the flat, at the Lyubaseevka river, 100 yards and 532 residents (295 men, 237 women), 2 factories [3] .
- According to 1869, Fryazino is the village of the Grebenevsky volost of the 3rd camp of the Bogorodsky district with 107 courtyards, 3 stone and 108 wooden houses, a bread shop, a shop, a silk-weaving factory and 2 silk-weaving establishments and 512 residents (226 men, 286 women), from There are 30 literate men and 15 women. There were 35 horses, 51 units of cattle and 57 small, land was 392 tithes and 700 sazhens, including 129 arable acres [4] .
- In 1886, together with the village of Chizhevo - 174 yards, 1014 residents, 4 shops and 3 silk factories [5] .
- In 1913 - 110 yards and a silk factory [6] .
- According to the materials of the 1926 All-Union Census, the center of the Fryazinsky Village Council of the Shchelkovo volost of the Moscow district , 1 km from the Stromynskoye highway and 9 km from the Shchelkovo station of the Northern Railway, lived 611 residents (281 men, 330 women), there were 136 households (134 peasant), there was a school of the 1st level [7] .
- Since 1938 - the working village of Fryazino.
- In 1936 the railway line from Ivanteevka was extended to Fryazino.
- Since 1951, the city of Fryazino [8] .
- By the 1960s, the former village of Fryazino was destroyed during the expansion of the industrial zone, residents were relocated to the village of Novofryazino .
- In 1968, Fryazino received the status of a city of regional subordination.
- In 1999, the coat of arms (author - L. Rakcheev) and the anthem of the city of Fryazino (words - Y. Derkach, music - A. Alekseenko) were approved.
- On December 29, 2003, by the Decree of the President of Russia , the city of Fryazino was granted the status of a science city of the Russian Federation [9] .
- On October 28, 2009, in Fryazino, under the chairmanship of President of Russia D. A. Medvedev , a meeting of the Commission on Modernization and Technological Development of the Russian Economy took place [10] .
- On December 31, 2015 by the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation in Fryazino a special economic zone of the technological-innovative type β Source β was created [11] [12] .
Population
| Population size | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1926 [13] | 1939 [14] | 1959 [15] | 1967 [13] | 1970 [16] | 1979 [17] | 1986 [13] | 1987 [18] | 1989 [19] |
| 600 | β 5901 | β 19 130 | β 28,000 | β 32 369 | β 46 049 | β 51,000 | β 52,000 | β 53 317 |
| 1992 [13] | 1996 [13] | 1998 [13] | 2001 [13] | 2002 [20] | 2003 [13] | 2005 [13] | 2006 [13] | 2007 [13] |
| β 54,000 | β 53,400 | β 53,300 | β 52 900 | β 52 436 | β 52,400 | β 52 300 | β 52,300 | β 52,400 |
| 2009 [21] | 2010 [22] | 2011 [13] | 2012 [23] | 2013 [24] | 2014 [25] | 2015 [26] | 2016 [27] | 2017 [28] |
| β 52 980 | β 55 369 | β 55,400 | β 56 365 | β 57 252 | β 58 177 | β 58 942 | β 59 793 | β 60 408 |
| 2018 [29] | 2019 [1] | |||||||
| β 60 437 | β 59 987 | |||||||
As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was on the 273th place out of 1,115 [30] cities of the Russian Federation [31] .
Economics
In 1901, the silk-weaving factory of Anna Mikhailovna Kaptsova was founded - the first stone building in the village ( nationalized in 1918, liquidated by the decision of the Shelkotrest in 1929).
In 1933 , the Radiolamp factory was established on the site of the former silk-weaving factory; The plant was created on the basis of the equipment of the American company RCA during the industrialization of the early 30s (it was evacuated to Tashkent in 1941 , where the Photon plant was created on its basis). From this moment Fryazino becomes the center of the electronics industry .
In 1943, the first research institute was opened with a pilot plant ( NII -160, now the Istok Research and Production Enterprise ); subsequently, their number increases to five.
In 1955, construction began on a branch of the Institute of Radio Electronics of the USSR Academy of Sciences .
In Soviet times, city-forming enterprises were military research institutes. With the collapse of the USSR, these institutions were forced to reduce the majority of employees. Currently, a significant part of the population works in Moscow.
In order to convert defense research institutes, enterprises were created: in 1993 - Istok-Sistema , a manufacturer of medical equipment under the Gastroskan brand, in 1994 - Istok-Audio, a manufacturer of hearing aids , in 2004 - Focus, a manufacturer LED lighting fixtures .
In the city of Fryazino, the Scientific and Technical Association " IRE-Polyus " is located, which is one of the three main production sites of the international corporation " IPG Photonics " - the world leader in the industry of high- power fiber lasers [32] .
Education
In 1912, the first school was opened. Currently, there are 7 schools in the city, including 5 secondary schools, a gymnasium (former MOU school No. 6) and a lyceum (former MOU school No. 7). By the end of the 1980s, 20% of residents had higher education, among them - 460 candidates and 77 doctors of sciences, 2 academicians, 120 laureates of the Lenin and State Prizes.
In Fryazin, on the territory of the Istok Research and Production Enterprise , a branch of the Moscow Technological University (formerly known as the Moscow State Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation (MIREA)) operates.
Architecture, Attractions
On the eastern outskirts of the city, on the banks of the Lyuboseevka River, is the former Grebnevo estate (1780-1790s; reconstructed in 1817-1823).
In addition, in the center of the city is the Alley of Heroes, on which there are busts of the Fryazin Heroes of the Soviet Union, who participated in the Great Patriotic War: A. G. Dudkin, B. N. Eryashev , I. I. Ivanov (his house is also located in Fryazin museum). Another monument - the Victory Stela - points to the names of all Fryazins who died in the Great Patriotic War .
Transport
The city is located on the 7th kilometer of the Fryanovsky highway . The city has a bus station located on the street. Field.
Also, the city has a railway station and passenger platforms ( Fryazino-Tovarnaya and Fryazino-Passenger , which is the final one).
From Moscow to Fryazin can be reached by two types of public transport:
- by train from the Yaroslavl station ( Yaroslavl direction )
- by minibus or bus (No. 361, No. 335) from the bus station at the station. m. "Schelkovskaya"
Note: Route 361 has several branches within the city. 361 (with benefits) runs along the street. Field to the new bus station; 361-MT there, but via Chizhovo; 361pe (semi-express) through the center on the street. Nakhimov; Gamma-Plus minibuses operate in three colors: yellow (to the old bus station - center), green (to 60 USSR Street and 27 Polevaya St.), blue (to Nakhimov St.).
Suburban routes:
- 23 ( plat. Voronok - Π° / s Fryazino - Novaya Sloboda)
- 29 ( station Shchelkovo - Π° / Ρ "Fryazino" - d / o "Shchelkovo")
- 35 ( station Shchelkovo - Π° / Ρ "Fryazino" - Fryanovo)
- 37 ( station Shchelkovo - Π° / s "Fryazino" - Petrovsky)
- 43 (Novaya Sloboda - Π° / s Fryazino - Nakhimova St.)
- 50 (Nursery - Fryazino - St. Shchelkovo - Star City )
- 54 (a / s Fryazino - Theological)
- 335 (Fryanovo - Chizhovo - Moscow ( metro station "Shchelkovskaya" )
- 361 (a / c Fryazino - Shchelkovo station - Moscow ( metro station Shchelkovskaya )
There are also city bus routes:
- 13 (Polevaya St. - Fryazino St. - Nakhimov St.)
- 14 (Polevaya St. - shopping center - Nakhimov St.)
City Streets
In the city, as of 2016, there are 47 streets, driveways and squares and the only Peace Avenue passing along the P110 highway, as well as 23 garage-building cooperatives (GSK) [33] .
Communication
Television
In the city of Fryazino, it is possible to receive all the TV channels broadcasting from the Ostankino television tower and the Oktod LLC tower on a personal radio antenna. Also, a large part of the city can receive Shchelkovsky television broadcasting on 41 television channels. The company operates the FMS (Fryazino Multiservice Networks), which provides cable television . There is a city-wide television channel - Fryazino television.
Radio
In the city of Fryazino, reception of all Moscow VHF / FM radio stations is possible, as well as reception of local VHF / FM radio stations in adjacent areas of the Moscow and Vladimir regions. The city now does not have its own citywide broadcasting channel, although in the early 90s there was such a radio. At a frequency of 70.91 VHF, you can receive Radio Shchelkovsky district .
- Newspaper "Key"
- The newspaper "My Territory" (published since 2009, circulation of 1,500 copies, founder and editor-in-chief Timofey Balyko)
- Newspaper New Fryazino
- Newspaper βOur city Fryazinoβ (published since 2013, circulation of 5000 copies, founder of the company βMediacomβ, editor-in-chief Elena Semina)
- The newspaper Fryazinets (published since 2001, circulation of 1000 copies, founder and editor-in-chief Inna Ivanovna Cheltsova)
- periodicals of the Shchelkovsky district.
- Newspaper βFor Advanced Scienceβ (newspaper of JSC NPP Istok)
Internet Service Providers
- "Fryazino.NET" (LLC "FGITs") - urban Ethernet - network .
- Rostelecom - Ethernet , ADSL and GPON access.
See also
- Missile defense system of Moscow A-135
- Coat of arms of Fryazin
- Palace of Sports Fryazino
Notes
- β 1 2 3 The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019 . Date of treatment July 31, 2019.
- β Nystrem K. Index of villages and residents of counties in the Moscow province. - M. , 1852. - S. 168. - 954 p.
- β Lists of the inhabited places of the Russian Empire, Vol. 24: Moscow province / Art. ed. E. Ogorodnikov. - Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior. - M. , 1862. - S. 41. - 240 p.
- β Information about villages and residents of the Moscow province. Part 1. Bogorodsky district . - M. , 1873. - S. 118β119. - 351 p.
- β Volosts and the most important villages of European Russia. Issue II: Provinces of the Moscow Industrial Region. Moscow, Tver, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir . - Central Statistical Committee. - SPb. , 1886. - S. 20. - 317 p.
- β Populated areas of the Moscow province / B.N. Penkin. - Moscow Metropolitan and Provincial Statistical Committee. - M. , 1913. - S. 97. - 454 p.
- β Handbook of populated areas of the Moscow province (Based on materials from the 1926 All-Union Census) . - Moscow Statistics Division. - M. , 1929. - S. 430-431. - 2000 copies.
- β USSR. Administrative and territorial division of the Union republics on January 1, 1980 / Comp. V.A. Dudarev, N.A. Evseeva. - M .: Izvestia, 1980 .-- 702 p. - S. 173.
- β Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2003 No. 1531 βOn assignment of the status of a science city of the Russian Federation to the city of Fryazino, Moscow Regionβ Archived copy . Date of treatment May 31, 2011. Archived July 21, 2011.
- β The official website of the President of Russia Archived on May 21, 2013.
- β The government decided to create a special economic zone in Fryazin near Moscow
- β Fryazino near Moscow will create a special economic zone
- β 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 People's Encyclopedia βMy Cityβ. Fryazino
- β 1939 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the USSR by urban settlements and intracity areas . Date of treatment November 30, 2013. Archived November 30, 2013.
- β 1959 All-Union Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- β 1970 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- β 1979 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- β National Economy of the USSR for 70 years : anniversary statistical yearbook: [ arch. June 28, 2016 ] / USSR State Committee for Statistics . - Moscow: Finance and Statistics, 1987. - 766 p.
- β 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population . Archived on August 22, 2011.
- β 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more . Archived February 3, 2012.
- β The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- β Population Census 2010. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements . Federal State Statistics Service. Date of treatment October 13, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- β Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- β The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- β Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- β The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- β Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- β The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- β Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . Date of treatment July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- β taking into account the cities of Crimea
- β The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table "21. The population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019 β (RAR archive (1.0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service .
- β He left science to business at 51. Now he has $ 800 million // Forbes.ru
- β Classifier of addresses of the Russian Federation . The state register of addresses of the Federal Tax Service of Russia (relevance of the database: 2016.09.05). Date of treatment September 6, 2016.
Literature
- Cities of the Moscow Region . Prince 1. - M .: Moscow Worker , 1979. - 640 p.