Moscow (or "big" ) nobles - ranks , the second class of service people [1] in the fatherland, which existed in the Moscow state .
Moscow nobles, along with stewards , solicitors and tenants, constituted a group of Moscow service people (ranks of Moscow servicemen [2] ). In Moscow nobles the salary for the service was made by the Russian sovereign. In 1550, Ivan the Terrible endowed with estates near Moscow a thousand children of boyar and best servants, Moscow noblemen were appointed from them, of whom the highest ranks were usually appointed [3] in the state.
The earliest list of Moscow nobles is contained in the Boyars list of 1588-1589. In total, according to him, at that time there were 166 Moscow nobles, of which 84 were princes serving on special princely lists, and 82 were other titled and untitled feudal lords. By 1610-1611, their number was 225 people. The boyar list of 1706 included 1,182 Moscow nobles, including in the regimental service, "retired" and "in parcels."
They served in this rank all their lives (they did not deprive him even in the event of incapacity to perform service), if they did not pass into the duma ranks , or, as a result of disgrace , in elected nobles.
As a result of the service, the rank of a Moscow nobleman was received by tenants, captains, less often, elected nobles. With the rank of a tenant, a steward, less often a solicitor, the children of Moscow nobles began their service.
In the second half of the 16th century, Moscow nobles received from 500 to 1,000 quarters of their land salary and from 20 to 100 rubles in cash.
Moscow nobles were the most mobile state rank in Moscow, they served as governors and heads in regiments , cities and territories, judges , participated in land descriptions, embassies, brought new people to the service and performed various other state functions. According to G.K. Kotoshikhin in the middle of the XVII century:
Moscow nobles; and they sent those nobles for all kinds of affairs, and for the voivodships, and for the embassies in the aftermath, and for detective affairs, and in Moscow in Prikazekh for business, and for serving people to the initial people, to the colonels and to the archers .
The phrase "Moscow nobles" gradually went out of use at the beginning of the XVIII century [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Yard people, in ancient Russia // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Residents // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Nobility // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- ↑ Website Encyclopedia World History, Moscow Nobles.
Literature
- I. A. Porai-Koshits , “Essay on the history of the Russian nobility from half of the 11th to the end of the 18th century.”, St. Petersburg. , 1847;
- Pavlov-Silvansky N.P. , sovereign servants. SPb., 1898;
- Yard people, in ancient Russia // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Residents // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Nobility // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- Moscow nobles / V. D. Nazarov // The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- A. L. Stanislavsky , Proceedings on the history of the sovereign of the court in Russia of the XVI-XVII centuries. 2004. ISBN 5-7281-0557-2
- G.K. Kotoshikhin. About Russia during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.
- Sedov P.V. , Sunset of the Moscow kingdom: Royal court of the late XVII century. SPb., 2006;