Bragui (people)

It is not known exactly how the Bragui originated. The name is considered to be purely Dravidian, so we can assume that they are the remains of a Dravidian ethnos that migrated to Hindustan in the 4th millennium BC. e. Throughout their history, the Bragui fell under the influence of the Turks , Balochis , Kurds , Mongols and Arabs (Mikhail Andronov, 2010: p. 5). Very often assimilated and continue to assimilate by other nations. This is a consequence of the lack of a certain territory historically belonging to the Braguas.

The fact that other Dravidian languages ​​exist only further, in the South in India, led to some conclusions of researchers regarding the origin of this people. There are three main hypotheses regarding Bragui:

1. Bragui is a relict population left over from the Dravidian ethnos, which was also surrounded by the Indo-Iranian group of peoples. They are, as it were, a fragment of the former distribution area of ​​the Dravidian peoples.

1. Bragui migrated to Balochistan from the Center of India in the early period of the development of Muslim culture, between the 13-14 centuries.

1. Bragui migrated to Balochistan from Central India in 1000 AD. This theory is based on the fact that the Iranian influence was not exerted on the people of Bragui. ^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}

The Bragui language is based on the dialect of the northwestern Iranian languages ​​Baluchi and Sindhi, coupled with the southeastern dialect of the Iranian language and Pashto. However, Bragui has no higher genetic proximity to the Dravidian population of India than the neighboring Indo-Iranian Pakistanis. In this regard, the theory is derived that although the Bragui speak the Dravidian language, they are more genetically related to the Indo-Iranians, and not to the Dravidians. They were assimilated by the Indo-Iranians when they arrived in South Asia. ^[9] Moreover, linguistic theory sometimes does not coincide with genetics, which introduces different opinions on this issue. ^{[10] [11] [12] [13]}

Bragui carry many variations of the haplogroup Y-DNA. The most significant in their genome is the haplogroup Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA) , namely R1a1a-M17 (35% - 39.09%). This haplogroup is also contained in the genomes of the Indians of North India, the Kyrgyz, Russians, Poles and, in general, Slavic peoples. Its high concentration among the Bragui people is associated with the early eastern migrations of the Indo-Iranians. Haplogroup J (Y-DNA), which is characteristic of Middle Eastern peoples, averages 28%. Also in the genome there are Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) , Haplogroup L (Y-DNA) , Haplogroup N (Y-DNA) - these haplogroups make the Bragui people almost indistinguishable in genetics from the Indo-Iranian peoples of squirrel and makrani , but at There are noticeable differences with the Sindhi, who live further in the distance. ^{[14] [15] [16] [13]}

Main occupations include arable farming , raising goats , sheep , buffaloes , horses and camels.

Herders still lead a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle, while living in tents covered with coarse-haired fabric. Settled middle-class braggies live in mud houses, beggars make huts from palm leaves and mats or live in semi-dugouts.

In Bragui society, the tribal structure prevails. At the moment, there are 4 tribal unions, which are divided into clans, which in turn are in the falli (clans) led by leaders . The chief in the family is the elder (kamash).

Olive skin color was obtained due to prolonged mixing with the Iranians and Indo-Aryan peoples , but nevertheless they are easy to distinguish from these ethnic groups. Characteristic of Braguy is a strong physique and long hair. From clothes they put on a sleeveless jacket, a dressing gown and a shawl over a long shirt with assemblies, harem pants and a felt hat. Shoes are most often sandals.

• Bragui // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Kochnev V.I. Bragui // Peoples and religions of the world / Chapters. ed. V.A. Tishkov . - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1999. - S. 109. - ISBN 5-85270-155-6
• Mikhail Sergeevich Andronov. Brahui, a Dravidian language: a descriptive and comparative study. - Foreign Language Study., Lincom Europa (2006) - p. five
• Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages. Columbia University Press .
• Language and linguistic area: essays By Murray Barnson Emeneau, Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil, Stanford University Press. P. 334

• Venkatesh, Karthik (2017-02-18). "A slice of south India in Balochistan." livemint.com/ . Retrieved 2017-12-27.
• James B. Minahan. "Brahuis." Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia . Retrieved November 21, 2015.
• Shah, Mahmood Ali (1992), Sardari, jirga & local government systems in Balochistan , Qasim Printers, pp. 6-7
• Minahan, James B. (August 31, 2016), Brahui, Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World , ABC-CLIO,
• [Sergent, Genèse de l'Inde ]
• Elfenbein, JH (1987). "A periplous of the 'Brahui problem'." Studia Iranica. 16: 215-233. doi: 10.2143 / si.16.2.201460
• Pagani (2017) states in its “Conclusion” that there is “No historical or linguistic data support” the possibility that “the Brahui ancestors were Indo-European speakers, who later adopted a Dravidian language.”
• PP 27, 142, Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2003), The Dravidian Languages, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-77111-0.
• P. 12 Origin and Spread of the Tamils ​​By VR Ramachandra Dikshitar
• P. 32 Ideology and status of Sanskrit: contributions to the history of the Sanskrit language by Jan EM Houben
• Language and linguistic area: essays By Murray Barnson Emeneau, Selected and introduced by Anwar S. Dil, Stanford University Press. Page 334
• Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Govt. of Pakistan, 1999, 1998 district census report of Kalat Page 7.
• Scholz 2002, p. 28.
• https://books.google.com/books?id=bCkaAQAAIAAJ