Four-corner hieroglyph search system ( Chinese trade. 四角 號碼 , control 四角 号码 , pinyin : sì jiǎo hàomǎ , pall .: Sy jiao haoma , Japanese 四角 号碼 sikakugo: ma , English Four-corner Method ) - registration system and search for a character in dictionaries and catalogs by graphic features, developed in the 1920s by Wang Yunyu ( Chinese trade. 王雲 五 , ex. 王云 五 , pinyin : Wáng Yúnwǔ ), chief editor of Shangu Yinshuguan ( Chinese trade . 商務印書館 , ex. 商务印书馆 , Pinyin : Shāngwù Yìnshūguǎn , Commercial Press ), one of the oldest Chinese publishers. It is based on a system formulated in 1916 by Russian orientalist Otto Rosenberg , which, in turn, was a continuation of the so-called “Russian graphic system” for searching for hieroglyphs by the lower right corner created by V. P. Vasiliev and also complementing the traditional Chinese system for searching for graphic keys (bushow).
It was used from the 1920s to 1949 in the dictionaries of the Shangu Yinshuguan Publishing House, as well as in library catalogs and various file cabinets in China and in later dictionaries in Japan. The index “at four corners” is included in the Oshanin I.M. 1984 Great Sino-Russian Dictionary, in the Xinhua Dictionary (at least the 10th edition). Currently, the four-corner method in a slightly modified form (in the number “zero”) is saved as one of the methods for computer input of hieroglyphs (for example, the CCIS system ).
Despite the compactness of the presentation, for mastering the system of four corners requires no less effort than other systems.
Content
Rules
Traits that form the corners of the character, depending on their configuration, are encoded by four single digits at the four corners, in the sequence: upper left, upper right, lower left and lower right.
The digit zero also encodes the slash in the subsequent corner, if it is already encoded in the previous exhaustive way.
When coding should:
1) give preference to complex features over simple ones.
2) encode a point over a polyline with a triple.
3) in hieroglyphs, including key elements 13, 31, and 169, encode the lower corners according to covering lines, if there are no other features from above, from below, or from the side.
4) if the corner is formed by two simple or simple and complex features, encode the leftmost (right) feature, regardless of its height in relation to other features.
5) of the two complex features, encode the upper part in the upper part of the character and the lower one in the lower
6) if the hinged left goes from the center of the character to its periphery, encode the lower left corner according to another line, but if it comes from the left corner, encode according to the hinged
7) allow coding of one trait in two configurations, if it lies in the upper and lower parts of the character
Key List
| No. | Key | Sejiao Code |
|---|---|---|
| one | 一 | 10 ** (top), ** 10 (bottom) |
| 2 | 丨 | 2 * 0 * (left) |
| 3 | 丶 | 3000 |
| four | 丿 | 2000 |
| five | 乙, 乚, 乛 | ** 71 (bottom), 1 * 71 |
| 6 | 亅 | 2000 |
| 7 | 二 | * 1 * 1 (right) |
| eight | 亠 | 00 ** (top) |
| 9 | 亻 | 2 * 2 * (left) |
| ten | 儿 | (2201), ** 21 (bottom) |
| eleven | 入 | 8000 |
| 12 | 八 | (8000), 80 ** (top) |
| 13 | 冂 | 7722 |
| 14 | 冖 | (3700) |
| 15 | 冫 | 3 * 1 * (left) |
| sixteen | 几 | (7721), * 7 * 1 (right) |
| 17 | 凵 | 2277 |
| 18 | 刀, 刂, ⺈ | (1722), 刀 - * 7 * 2 (right), 刂 - 2 * 0 * (left), * 2 * 0 (right) |
| nineteen | 力 | 4002 |
| 20 | 勹 | 2702 |
| 21 | 匕 | 2271 |
| 22 | 匚 | (7171) |
| 23 | 匸 | (1070) |
| 24 | 十 | 4 * 0 * (left), * 4 * 0 (right) |
| 25 | 卜 | (2300), 2 * 0 *, * 3 * 0 |
| 26 | 卩 | * 7 * 2 |
| 27 | 厂 | 712 * |
| 28 | 厶 | (2370), ** 73 (bottom) |
| 29th | 又 | (7740), * 7 * 4 (right) |
| thirty | 口 | 6 * 0 * (left) |
| 31 | 囗 | (6000) |
| 32 | 土 | 4 * 1 * (left), 40 ** (top) |
| 33 | 士 | (4010) |
| 34 | 夂 (usually on top) | (2740), 27 ** |
| 35 | 夊 (bottom) | ** 22 |
| 36 | 夕 | 2720 |
| 37 | 大 | 40 ** (top) |
| 38 | 女 | 4 * 4 * (left), 40 ** (top) |
| 39 | 子 | 1 * 4 * (left), * 7 * 4 (right), 17 ** (top), ** 40 (bottom) |
| 40 | 宀 | 30 ** (top) |
| 41 | 寸 | ** 34 (bottom), * 4 * 0 (right) |
| 42 | 小 | 9000 |
| 43 | 尢, 尣, | 4 * 0 * (left) |
| 44 | 尸 | (7720), 772 *, * 7 ** |
| 45 | 屮 | 2240 |
| 46 | 山 | 2 * 7 *, 22 **, * 2 * 7, ** 77 |
| 47 | 巛, 川, 巜 | (2200), 22 ** |
| 48 | 工 | * 1 * 1 |
| 49 | 己 巳 已 | * 7 * 1 |
| 50 | 巾 | 4 * 2 * |
| 51 | 干 | (1040) |
| 52 | 幺 | 2 ***, * 2 **, ** 7 *, *** 3. |
| 53 | 广 | 002 *, * 0 **. |
| 54 | 廴 | 1 * 40 |
| 55 | 廾 | 4400 |
| 56 | 弋 | * 3 * 4, 43 * 0 |
| 57 | 弓 | 1 * 2 *, * 7 * 2, ** 02, *** 2. |
| 58 | 彐 彑 | * 7 * 7, ** 17. |
| 59 | 彡 | 2 * 2 *, 2 ***, * 2 **, * 2 * 2. |
| 60 | 彳 | 2 * 2 * |
| 61 | 心 忄 | ** 33.9 * 0 * (left) |
| 62 | 戈 | * 3 * 5 |
| 63 | 戶, 户, 戸 | 302 * |
| 64 | 手, 扌 | 5 * 0 * |
| 65 | 支 | 4040 |
| 66 | 攴 攵 | 2140 |
| 67 | 文 | 00 **, * 0 * 4 |
| 68 | 斗 | * 4 * 0, *** 4. |
| 69 | 斤 | (7222) |
| 70 | 方 | * 0 * 2, ** 22, *** 2. |
| 71 | 无 | (1041) |
| 72 | 日 | (6010), 6 * 0 *, * 6 * 0. |
| 73 | 曰 | 6010 |
| 74 | 月 | (7722), * 7 * 2, 7 * 2 * |
| 75 | 木 | ** 90, * 4 * 9, *** 9, 40 **. |
| 76 | 欠 | * 7 * 8 |
| 77 | 止 | 2110 |
| 78 | 歹 歺 | 1 * 2 * |
| 79 | 殳 | (7740), * 7 * 4 |
| 80 | 毋 | * 7 * 5 |
| 81 | 比 | * 2 * 1 |
| 82 | 毛 | (2071), 2 * 71, ** 71 |
| 83 | 氏 | * 2 * 4 |
| 84 | 气 | * 8 * 1, 80 * 1 |
| 85 | 水, 氵 氺 | 3 * 1 *, ** 1 * |
| 86 | 火, 灬 | (9080). ** 80, ** 33, 9 * 8 *, * 9 * 8 |
| 87 | 爪, 爫 | 20** |
| 88 | 父 | 8040 |
| 89 | 爻 | 4040 |
| 90 | 爿 | (2220), 2 * 2 * |
| 91 | 片 | (2202), 2 * 0 * |
| 92 | 牙 | ** 24, * 1 * 4, * 1 **. |
| 93 | 牛, 牜 | 2 * 5 *, * 8 * 4 |
| 94 | 犬 犭 | 4 * 2 * |
| 95 | 玄 | (0073) |
| 96 | 玉; 王 | 1 * 1 * |
| 97 | 瓜 | ** 23, * 2 * 3 |
| 98 | 瓦 | 1 * 11, ** 71. |
| 99 | 甘 | (4477), 4 * 7 *, * 4 ** |
| 100 | 生 | 2510 |
| 101 | 用 | * 7 * 2 |
| 102 | 田 | 6 * 0 * |
| 103 | 疋 | 1780 |
| 104 | 疒 | 001 * or 301 *. |
| 105 | 癶 | * 2 ** |
| 106 | 白 | (2600), 2 * 6 *, * 6 * 0 |
| 107 | 皮 | * 4 * 4 |
| 108 | 皿 | **ten |
| 109 | 目 | (6010), 6 * 0 *, * 6 * 0. |
| 110 | 矛 | 17 **, * 7 * 2. |
| 111 | 矢 | 8 * 8 * |
| 112 | 石 | 1 * 6 *, * 1 * 6. |
| 113 | 示, (礻) | 3 * 2 * |
| 114 | 禸 | 4022 |
| 115 | 禾 | 2 * 9 * |
| 116 | 穴 | thirty** |
| 117 | 立 | (0010), 0 * 1 *, * 0 * 1, 00 ** |
| 118 | 竹 | 88 ** |
| 119 | 米 | (9090), 9 * 9 * |
| 120 | 糸, 糹 (纟) | 2 * 9 *, *** 9. |
| 121 | 缶 | 8077 |
| 122 | 网, 罒 | 60 ** |
| 123 | 羊, ⺶ | 80 **, 8 * 5 *, * 8 * 5. |
| 124 | 羽 | * 7 * 2, *** 2 |
| 125 | 老, 耂 | 44 **, * 4 **. |
| 126 | 而 | ** 22, * 1 * 2 |
| 127 | 耒 | 5 * 9 * |
| 128 | 耳 | 1 * 1 *, ** 14 |
| 129 | 聿 | 5000 |
| 130 | 肉, | * 7 * 2, ** 22 |
| 131 | 臣 | 7 * 7 * |
| 132 | 自 | 2600 |
| 133 | 至 | 1010 |
| 134 | 臼 | 7777 |
| 135 | 舌 | 2060 |
| 136 | 舛 | 2520 |
| 137 | 舟 | 27 **, 2 * 4 * |
| 138 | 艮 | ** 73 |
| 139 | 色 | 2771 |
| 140 | 艸, (艹) | 44 ** |
| 141 | 虍 | 212 * |
| 142 | 虫 | 5 * 1 * |
| 143 | 血 | 2 * 1 *, ** 10 |
| 144 | 行 | 2122 |
| 145 | 衣, 衤 | ** 73, 3 * 2 * |
| 146 | 襾 覀 | * 1 * 6 |
| 147 | 見 (见) | 7 * 8 * |
| 148 | 角 | 2722 |
| 149 | 言, 訁 (讠) | (0060), 0 * 6 *, ** 60, 3 * 7 *. |
| 150 | 谷 | 8060 |
| 151 | 豆 | ** 10, * 1 **, *** 1. |
| 152 | 豕 | 1023 |
| 153 | 豸 | 2 * 2 *, *** 3. |
| 154 | 贝 (貝) | (6080), 6 * 8 * |
| 155 | 赤 | 4 * 3 * |
| 156 | 走 | 4 * 80 |
| 157 | 足, ⻊ | 6 * 1 *, ** 80 |
| 158 | 身 | (2740), 2 * 2 * |
| 159 | 車 (车) | 4 * 5 *, ** 50 |
| 160 | 辛 | (0040), 0 * 4 *, * 0 * 4 |
| 161 | 辰 | 7123 |
| 162 | 辵, (辶) | 3 * 30 |
| 163 | 邑 | * 7 * 2 |
| 164 | 酉 | 1 * 6 * |
| 165 | 釆 | 2090 |
| 166 | 里 | **ten |
| 167 | 金, 釒 (钅) | 8 * 7 *, ** 10, * 8 * 1, 8 * 1 *. |
| 168 | 長 (长), 镸 | * 1 * 3 |
| 169 | 門 (门) | 77 **, * 7 * 2. |
| 170 | 阜, 阝 (left) | 7 * 2 * |
| 171 | 隶 | 5090 |
| 172 | 隹 | * 0 * 1, 2 ***, * 0 ** |
| 173 | 雨 | ten** |
| 174 | 靑, 青 | (5022) |
| 175 | 非 | 11 **, * 1 * 1 |
| 176 | 面 | 1060 |
| 177 | 革 | 4450 |
| 178 | 韋 (韦) | (4050) |
| 179 | 韭 | (1110), ** 10 |
| 180 | 音 | 0060 |
| 181 | 頁 (页) | (1080), * 1 * 8 |
| 182 | 風 (风) | 7 * 2 * |
| 183 | 飛 (飞) | (飞 - 1201) |
| 184 | 食, 飠, (饣) | 8 * 7 * |
| 185 | 首 | 8060 |
| 186 | 香 | (2060) |
| 187 | 馬 / 马 | 7 * 3 *, * 7 * 2, * 1 * 2, ** 32, 7 * 1 * |
| 188 | 骨 | 7 * 2 * |
| 189 | 高 | 0022 |
| 190 | 髟 | 72 ** |
| 191 | 鬥 | 7700 or 7722 |
| 192 | 鬯 | 2271 |
| 193 | 鬲 | 1022 |
| 194 | 鬼 | * 6 * 1, ** 21 |
| 195 | 魚 / 鱼 | 2 * 3 *, 2 * 1 * |
| 196 | 鳥 / 鸟 | 2732, 2712. |
| 197 | 鹵 | 2160 |
| 198 | 鹿 | 0 * 2 * |
| 199 | 麥 / 麦 | 5040 |
| 200 | 麻 | 0029 |
| 201 | 黃 | 4480 |
| 202 | 黍 | 2090 |
| 203 | 黑 | (6033), ** 33 (bottom) |
| 204 | 黹 | 6 * 3 * |
| 205 | 黽 / 黾 | 7771. ** 71, * 7 * 1 |
| 206 | 鼎 | ** 22 |
| 207 | 鼓 | 4414 |
| 208 | 鼠 | 7 * 71, 7 * 7 * |
| 209 | 鼻 | 2 * 2 *, * 6 * 2 |
| 210 | 齊 / 齐 / 斉 | (0022), 0 * 2 *, 00 ** |
| 211 | 齒 / 齿 / 歯 | 2 * 7 * |
| 212 | 龍 / 龙 / 竜 | 01 ** |
| 213 | 龜 / 龟 / 亀 | (2711) |
| 214 | 龠 | 8 * 2 * |
Example: fragment of a curriculum list of hieroglyphs One hundred names
See also
- Ways to enter Chinese characters
- Four corners
Literature
- Large Chinese-Russian dictionary on the Russian graphic system in 4 volumes. Oshanin I.M. USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Oriental Studies. Moscow: GRVL, 1983-1984.
- Rosenberg O. O. Introduction to the study of Buddhism according to Chinese and Japanese sources. Part 1. Code of lexicographic materials. Pg., 1916.
- O. Rosenberg. Arrangment of the Chinese Characters according to an Alphabetical System being the Introduction to a Japanese Dictionary of 8000 Characters and List of 22000 Characters. Tokyo 1916
Links
四角 号码 - article from Baidupedia (Chinese)