Peter A. Galaev ( 1879 , Novo-Ossetinskaya - February 4, 1918 , Enem ) - Russian military commander, military foreman , participant of the First World War and the White movement [1] .
| Petr Andreevich Galaev | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | 1879 |
| Place of Birth | stanitsa Novo-Ossetian , Ossetian district, Terek region , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | February 4, 1918 |
| Place of death | Enem settlement, Kuban region , RSFSR |
| Affiliation |  Russian empire White movement |
| Type of army | Cavalry |
| Years of service | 1900 - 1917 |
| Rank | Military foreman |
| Commanded | 2nd Black Sea Regiment |
| Battles / Wars | First World War , Russian civil war |
Biography
Petro Andreevich Galaev was born about 1879 . The Terek Cossack is an Ossetian ; Peter was from the family of troop foreman Andrei Galayev. According to the compatriot Galaev, General Lotiev [2] , the father of the future head of the Kuban government forces enjoyed great respect in the village as an outstanding horseman and a lezginka dancer.
In 1897, Peter Andreevich graduated from five classes of the Vladikavkaz Real School. In 1900 he graduated from the Novocherkassk Cossack Junker School [3] , from where he was released in the rank of the best junior . After that he served in the Kuban Plastun battalion.
Since 1910, Galaev is already an officer of the 1st Labinsk (Linear Equestrian) Regiment [4] of the Kuban Army of the 2nd Combined-Cossack Division, in which Pyotr Andreyevich deserved the officer’s gold prize medal “For the felling”. In 1913, Peter Andreevich Galaev was the centurion of the 2nd Black Sea Regiment of the Kuban Army. Since the beginning of the First World War , in the period from 1914 to February 1917 , Galaev and his regiment participated in the battles on the Western Front . In February 1917, Galaev was promoted to military foremen , and transferred with a regiment to the Turkish front .
Civil War
With the beginning of the Civil War in the Kuban to fight the Bolsheviks begins the formation of volunteer units. Petr Andreevich Galaev was among the first to take up the work [5] , starting to organize a partisan detachment of officers [6] and students (cadets) of the Kuban Sofia school (the so-called 1st Kiev Sofia school of ensigns) [7] in Ekaterinodar . The detachment of about 300 men formed by him and the detachment of captain Viktor Leonidovich Pokrovsky (numbering up to 200 men) were the main core of the whole Kuban army, and during January and February 1918 - practically the only pillar of Ekaterinodar and military force of the Kuban government [5] . Their task was to disarm the military echelons passing from the Turkish front and guard duty. In January 1918, Galaev was appointed Head of the Kuban government forces.
With the support of ataman Alexander Petrovich Filimonov , who was elected chairman of the Kuban military government (Galaev and Filimonov knew each other, served together in the Labinsk regiment), Peter Andreyevich became the Head of the Kuban government forces. His contemporaries, Colonel Fyodor Ivanovich Eliseev, will later tell about Galaev’s attitude towards the Bolsheviks. Being present in 1914 in the rank of cornet at the Caucasian camp gatherings, Eliseev witnessed how Galaev danced a lezginka. And just remembering those impressions, he will write about Galaev:
He is especially graceful, which is characteristic only of the natural mountaineer, passed-swam with me a circle, and when we began to do pas on the fingers, I saw his large face squeeze into a wild grimace, he threw his right hand to his holster, snatched a revolver and all seven bullets discharged himself under his feet with such excitement, as if he wanted to kill someone. Subjecting to this instinct, which I never had, I grabbed my Nagant and fired all seven bullets at the ceiling. There was no end to the ovation. Galayev came up to me and shook his hand tightly, smiling ...
In January 1918, I learned that the army foreman Galaev was the Head of the Governmental forces of Kuban, and I was especially pleased. Remembering the lezginka and that moment when he brutally rushed to his revolver, I realized that with his pure and impetuous soul he could not react to the violence of the Reds as if he was taking up arms. [2]- Eliseev F.I.
The first battle in the Kuban
On February 3 ( old style January 21 ), the Kuban government received the Reds ' demand for the transfer of Ekaterinodar [8] . The forces of the Bolsheviks were the demobilized units of the 39th infantry division of the 1st Caucasian Army Corps in the amount of 4 to 6 thousand people. Initially, they moved in echelons from the direction of Novorossiysk towards the Kuban border. But having reached the station of the station Georgiy-Afipskaya , the Bolsheviks left their cars and moved towards the station Enem on foot. It is assumed that this was undertaken in order to protect the front-line soldiers from the pernicious influence of the “bourgeois-Socialist-Revolutionary” agitators (a passenger train was just moving to meet the train) [9] . On the approach to Anem, a detachment combed the village of Takhtamukai, where the Reds “disarmed hundreds of Circassians who carried out garrison service” (and the ordinary Circassians were dismissed from their homes, and the officers were taken prisoner) [10] .
By this time, the Kuban government had a force of 500–700 people [11] , which included the Galayev officer detachment [12] (including organized by the captain K. K. We disarm a hundred 200 sabers from Circassians with 11–12 machine guns : 2 Lewis light, the remaining machine guns Maxim [13] [14] , the Guards Division of the cadets of the Kuban Sophia School [7] , the mobilized Cossacks of the village of Pashkovskaya , the Circassian Regiment of the Native Division, and about 150-200 "unorganized" Circassians .
Early in the morning of February 4 ( old style January 22 ) in 1918, the Galaev with his detachment (reinforced by four more guns) advanced towards Hehn . Choosing a place on the path of red movement (a narrow and long gorge about 35 meters wide on both sides surrounded by impassable fluids ), Pyotr Andreyevich appreciated the convenience of a position that would not allow superior enemy forces to adequately turn and maneuver, took up defenses.
All attacks and attempts by the Reds to overcome the gaps were repulsed. The battle continued until the evening, the Bolsheviks suffered heavy losses. At about six o'clock in the evening, Captain Viktor Pokrovsky 's detachment of 160 [12] people (according to other data in Pokrovsky's detachment was less than 100 [15] ) walked through the swamps from the south, through the village of Takhtamukai, and hit the attackers to the rear. The Reds were surrounded and, having suffered serious losses and leaving behind artillery, the Bolshevik detachment was forced to retreat, breaking up into several groups. Losses on the part of Kuban were insignificant, among those killed were the commander of the detachment Galaev, the commander of the machine-gun platoon Ensign Tatyana Barkhash [16] , Ensign Moiseenko.
After the defeat at Enem and on 7 February, the Georgie-Afipskaya station (where one of the Bolshevik groups [17] retreated) by captain Pokrovsky , who led the united detachments (the united detachment was named “Kuban Salvation” [18] ), the Reds did not dare to move to offensive action on the Novorossiysk direction.
February 9, 1918 Peter Andreevich Galaev was solemnly buried in Ekaterinodar . In memory of Pyotr Andreyevich, the 1st Kuban volunteer battery named after the military foreman Galaev was named after Galaev [19] . In the future, the famous battery in the formation of the Kuban detachment joined the Summary Kuban officer battery [20] . It is also known about smaller units, such as, for example, the cavalry hundred name of military sergeant P.A. Galaev, numbering about 50 officers [19] . A year later, on January 22, 1919 , on the first anniversary of the formation of the “Saving the Kuban” detachment, a memorial service for the fallen Peter Galaev and others was served in the Ekaterininsky Cathedral of Ekaterinodar [18] .
Many years later, in his memoirs about the organization of power in the Kuban during the Civil War, ataman Alexander Petrovich Filimonov (who at that time served as chairman of the Kuban military government) would say about Galaev this way:
Against the background of the already discovered licentiousness, debauchery, charlatanism and adventurism, Galaev favorably stood out for the nobility of his behavior, courage and the unbending will of selflessly serving the land and the people. He was the first to unite the officers of the Yekaterinodar garrison and, in the most difficult and dangerous moment, literally with his breast and his partisans loyal to him, protected Yekaterinodar from the pressure of ten times the outnumbered enemy and saved the situation.
Galaev, undoubtedly, prepared for Captain Pokrovsky his victory at the stanitsa of Georgiy-Afipskaya on January 24. [five]- Filimonov A.P.
Notes
- ↑ Eliseev F. I. The First Steps of a Young Horus (rus.) . - Reytar, 2005. - ISBN 5-8067-0081-X.
- ↑ 1 2 Eliseev F.I. Hero of Kuban P.A. Galaev (Rus.) // Bulletin of the First Hider. - 1964. - No. 31-32 .
- ↑ Graduates . Novocherkassk Cossack College . Regiment . The appeal date is July 15, 2010. Archived May 2, 2012.
- ↑ G: Galaev Petr Andreevich . Cossack dictionary reference book . Cossacks XV-XXI centuries . The appeal date is July 11, 2010. Archived May 2, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Filimonov A. P. I. Kuban Cossacks and the 1917 coup d'état. Organization of power in the Kuban (Russian). // Filimonov A. P. Kubans (1917–1918). - Berlin: The White Case, 1927.
- ↑ Volkov S. Officers in the White Movement: Officers in the Kuban (Russian) // Volkov S Tragedy of the Russian officers. - M: Focus, 1999. - ISBN 5-227-01562-7 . Archived September 4, 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Volkov S. Kuban-Sofia military school . White movement in Russia: organizational structure . The site of historian C. V. Volkov . The appeal date was July 16, 2010. Archived May 2, 2012.
- ↑ Polyansky E. The first battle in the Kuban (Rus.) // Bulletin of the Pioneer. - 1963. - № 16 .
- ↑ Mashitlev R. Participation of the Circassians in the North-Western Caucasus at the initial stage of the civil armed conflict (January-February 1918) . Official site of the Kuban Cossacks (2006). The appeal date was July 16, 2010. Archived May 2, 2012.
- ↑ Documentation Center of the Newest History of Krasnodar Region (TsDNIKK). F.-1774-p. Op. 2. D. 251. L. 4.
- ↑ Sivkov S. The initial period of the Civil War in the Kuban and the Black Sea (1917-1919). - Rostov-on-Don, 1998. - p . 136 .
- ↑ 1 2 Naumenko V. The Beginning of the Civil War in the Kuban (Rus) // Kuban historical and literary collection. - № 8 . - p . 10 .
- ↑ Gadzhemukov V. Zakuban Circassians in the first two Kuban campaigns of 1918 (Rus.) // Volkov S. V. The revived regiments of the Russian army in the White struggle in the south of Russia. - M: Tsentrpoligraf, 2002. - p . 319 . - ISBN 5-227-01764-6 . (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Shilova S. Circassian formations as part of the Volunteer Army (1918-1919) (Rus.) // New Historical Gazette. - 2007. - № 16 (2) .
- ↑ Nikolaev K. Vague Days in the Kuban (Russian) // Hourly. - № 331-332 . - p . 18-20 .
- ↑ Shpakovsky S. A. Woman-warrior (Rus.) . - Buenos Aires: DORREGO, 1969.
- ↑ TSDNIK. F.-1774-p. Op. 2. D. 251. L. 6.
- ↑ 1 2 January 22, 1919 . A look into the story . The appeal date is July 11, 2010. Archived May 2, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Volkov S. Education of the Volunteer Army (rus.) // Third Rome: Almanac. - 2001. - № 4 .
- ↑ Volkov S. The 1st Kuban Volunteer Battery named for the military foreman Galaev . White movement in Russia: organizational structure . The site of historian C. V. Volkov . The appeal date is July 15, 2010. Archived May 2, 2012.