Crataegus hawthorn or Hawthorn spur [2] ( lat. Crataegus crus-galli ) - a tree , a species of the genus Hawthorn ( Crataegus ) of the family Pink ( Rosaceae ).
| Hawthorn cockerel spur | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Crataegus crus-galli L. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Distribution and Ecology
In nature , the range of the species covers the eastern regions of North America - from Quebec and Ontario in the north to Florida in the south and west to Texas and Kansas [3] .
It usually grows on the slopes of low mountains and ridges on rich deluvial soils, as well as on sandy soils in river valleys.
Top down: Leaves in autumn coloring. Ripe fruit. Bones (increased) |
Security Status NatureServe Secure : Crataegus crus-galli |
Botanical Description
Deciduous , rarely semi-evergreen, tree up to 6-8, rarely up to 12 m, often growing bushy, with a low-set wide, rounded or flat crown and a short trunk with a diameter of up to 25-30 cm. The bark is gray-brown, lamellar. The branches are twisting, horizontally spread; branches bare, light brown or gray. Shoots are red-brown, shiny [2] . Spines are very numerous, spaced perpendicularly, with ends bent down [2] , strong, brown or black in color [2] , 6–10 (4–6 [2] ) cm long; on thick branches and trunk the thorns are branched, reaching a length of 15-20 cm. The core is narrow, round, with notches [2] .
The buds are brown, shiny; lateral spaced, more than 5 mm in length [2] . The leaves are obovate or elliptic, with a weakly pointed or somewhat rounded apex and a narrow wedge-shaped, downward base, solid, unevenly sharp and finely serrate, with pressed teeth, solid at the base, 2-10 cm long, 0.5-4 cm wide, on long shoots up to 15 cm long, completely naked, young thin, later dense, leathery, with a dense network of veins , dark green above, shiny, paler below, reddish when deployed, brightly colored in autumn - orange or red. Petioles 0.5-2 cm long.
Inflorescences are bare, 15-20-flowered. Flowers with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm, with white petals and linear-lanceolate whole-marginal or small-iron-serrate sepals . Stamens usually 10, with pink anthers ; columns 2, less often 1.
Fruits - small apples , ellipsoidal or spherical, 10-15 mm long, greenish or dull red, with a slight bluish coating and dry pulp. The bones , usually two in number, are ellipsoidal in shape, 8–9 mm long, 5–6 mm wide, broadly ribbed along the back.
Flowering in early April. Fruiting in late October, the fruits often remain on the tree until spring.
Meaning and Application
It has long been and is widely used in culture both in North America (since 1656) and in Europe . One of the most decorative hawthorn, especially spectacular with dark shiny foliage, brightly colored in autumn, plentiful flowers in early summer and numerous fruits that do not fall almost throughout the winter.
It is successfully used in gardens and parks, as well as for hedges .
In Russia, in parks and gardens is quite common, almost everywhere grows well and bears fruit; in Moscow , Oryol Oblast ( Forest-Steppe Experimental Station ), in Voronezh and Voronezh Oblast , in Penza , in the south of Primorsky Krai ( Mountain Taiga Station ); in St. Petersburg, it freezes somewhat. [4] .
Classification
Taxonomy
Species of the Hawthorn cockerel spur is a member of the genus Hawthorn ( Crataegus ) of the tribe Pyreae of the subfamily Spiraeidae ( Spiraeoideae ) of the family Pink ( Rosaceae ) of the order Rosaceae .
| 8 more families (according to APG III System ) | 7 more tribes (according to APG III System ) | another 200 to 300 species | ||||||||||||||||||
| order rosaceae | subfamily Spiraea | genus Hawthorn | ||||||||||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | pink family | tribe Pyreae | view Hawthorn cockerel spur | |||||||||||||||||
| 44 more order flowering plants (according to APG III System ) | 8 more subfamilies (according to APG III System ) | about 60 more births (according to APG III System ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Representatives
Within the species, several forms are distinguished: [5]
- Crataegus crus-galli f. inermis lge. - spines are absent;
- Crataegus crus-galli f. oblongata sarg. - fruits are more brightly colored, up to 2.5 cm long;
- Crataegus crus-galli f. nana nichols. - dwarf form;
- Crataegus crus-galli f. pyracanthifolia Ait. - obovate or elliptic leaves, usually pointed; the fruits are smaller and more brightly colored;
- Crataegus crus-galli f. salicifolia ( Medic. ) Ait. - leaves are lanceolate or back-lanceolate, thinner;
- Crataegus crus-galli f. sploudojis ait . - leaves are elliptical or back-lanceolate, very brightly shiny.
Interesting Facts
The erroneous reading of the name of this plant brought to life a poem by Bulat Okudzhava about “the hawthorn“ Shepherd’s Spur “” ( 1969 ) [6] .
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Prof. doctor s.-kh. Sciences Novikov A. L. The determinant of trees and shrubs in a leafless state . - Minsk: Higher school, 1965. - S. 200─201. - 408 p.
- ↑ According to the GRIN website (see plant card)
- ↑ Data are given for the book “Trees and Shrubs of the USSR” (see Literature ) for 1954
- ↑ According to the book “Trees and Shrubs of the USSR” (see section Literature ).
- ↑ B. Okudzhava. Shepherd's spur
Literature
- Poletiko O. M. Rod. 26. Hawthorn - Crataegus L. // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1954. - T. III. Angiosperms. Trochodendron families - Rosaceae. - S. 564-566. - 872 s. - 3000 copies.
- Prof. doctor s.-kh. Sciences Novikov A. L. The determinant of trees and shrubs in a leafless state . - Minsk: Higher school, 1965. - S. 200─201. - 408 p.