Well logging

The classification of GIS methods can be performed by the type of studied geophysical fields.

Electrical Methods

• KS (Apparent Resistance) - measurement of electrical resistivity of rocks;
• MZ - microprobe modification of the CS;
• BK (Lateral Logging) - a type of CS with shielded electrodes
• TK (Current Logging)
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  Sonic logging
  IR (Induction Logging) - measurement of the electrical conductivity of rocks using inductors.
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  Neutron logging
  PS (Well Polarization) - measurements of natural electrical potentials of rocks

Radiometric methods

These include various types of logging based on the study of natural gamma radiation and the interaction of rock material with induced ionizing radiation.

• Gamma-ray logging (GC) is one of the complexes of well research methods by radioactive methods. The GC investigates the natural radioactivity of rocks along the wellbore.

• Neutron Logging The essence of neutron logging methods is to irradiate rocks with neutrons. After irradiation, response radiation is recorded:
  • or gamma radiation arising from the radiation capture of a neutron by the nucleus of a rock substance (neutron gamma-ray logging)
  • or the neutron flux of the primary radiation reached the NOC detector methods (neutron-neutron logging).

Both methods can be used to determine the hydrogen content in the rock and its porosity.

• Gamma-gamma-ray logging (GHG) is based on measuring the characteristics of gamma radiation that occurs when rocks are irradiated with external sources of gamma radiation.

Seismic Acoustic Methods

Acoustic Logging

Main article: Acoustic Logging

Acoustic logging (AK) refers to methods for studying rock properties by measuring in the borehole the characteristics of elastic waves of ultrasonic (above 20 kHz) and sound frequency.

Gas Logging

Based on the analysis of the content of gaseous or volatile hydrocarbons in the drilling fluid.

Thermal logs

Measurement and interpretation of the temperature regime in the well in order to determine the integrity of the string; zones of cementation and working horizons of the well. Produced by a downhole thermometer. This type can also be attributed to studies of STI-self-heating thermal indicators used in thermo-inductive flow metering.

Cavernometry

Cavernometry - measurements, as a result of which a curve of a change in the diameter of a borehole with depth is obtained - a cavernogram. Cavernograms are used in conjunction with data from other geophysical methods to refine the geological section of the well, make it possible to monitor the state of the wellbore during drilling; identify intervals favorable for the installation of sealing devices; determine the amount of cement required to seal the annulus during casing of the pipe string. Cavernograms are used to compose cavernograms .

GIS also includes other types of work: Various perforation and blasting operations; Work on hydraulic fracturing - hydraulic fracturing; Swabbing (from the English. Swab) - the excitation of a well or pumping fluid out of it through a vacuum piston - swab; Inclinometry-determination of the orientation of the well in space; Various methods of sampling and soil sampling.

Oil and gas field development control

Of particular importance are geophysical studies in production oil and gas wells used to determine well production, technical condition of the column, inflow or injection profile, and reservoir hydrodynamic parameters. In this case, thermometry is used; flow metering; barometry; STI; LM - locator of couplings; acoustic noise metering; electromagnetic flaw detection and thickness measurement; CISK - spectrometric neutron gamma-ray logging; INCN-pulsed neutron-neutron logging, and some other types and methods of logging.

• Kalinnikova M.V., Golovin B.A., Golovin K. B. Textbook on geophysical research of wells (inaccessible link) . - Saratov, 2005. - ISBN 5-292-01892-9
• Khmelevskoy V.K.Geophysical methods for studying the earth's crust. Part 1 - International University of Nature, Society and Man "Dubna", 1997.
• Meyer V. A. "Geophysical exploration of wells" 1981
• Technical instructions for conducting geophysical research and work with cable instruments in oil and gas wells. Moscow 2002
• Technical instructions for conducting well logging in underground well leaching. Alma-Ata.
• GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES OF WELLS. Handbook of the master of field geophysics. Martynov V. G., Lazutkina N. E., Khokhlova M. S., N. N. Bogdanovich, A. S. Desyatkin, V. M. Dobrynin, G. M. Zoloeva, A. I. Ipatov, K. V. Kovalenko, D. A. Kozhevnikov, M. I. Kremenetsky, V. I. Kristia, V. V. Kulchitsky, A. N. Malev, V. D. Neretin, V. V. Strelchenko, V. G. Zeitlin - Publishing house "Infra-Engineering", 2009
• Practical aspects of well logging (T. Darling). - M.: Premium Engineering LLC, 2008.

• Aslanyan A.M., Aslanyan I.Yu., Maslennikova Yu.S., Minakhmetova R.N., Soroka S.V., Nikitin R.S., Kantyukov R.R. Diagnostics of annular gas flows using a complex of high-precision thermometry, spectral noise metering and pulsed neutron-neutron logging // Territory "NEFTEGAS". 2016. No. 6. P. 52–59.