The human (Goncharsky) end is one of the five ends (regions) of ancient Novgorod . In the early times - one of the three, with Nerevsky and Slavensky , the oldest ends, on the basis of which the city was subsequently formed. It was located on the south-southwest side of the Novgorod Detinets .
For the first time the end is mentioned in the annals in 1194 .
In 2005, a birch bark letter No. 954 [1] [2] was found at the Troitsky excavation site, where there is a phrase: “Yes, you have put a stop to the horse to enter Lyudin”, that is, “you put the whole Lyudin to shame” [3] . It makes this name old for about 70 years (the preliminary date of the letter is the 1st quarter of the 12th century). The most ancient form of the name is Ludin , s-th at the end, it is also found in the annals; it is a possessive adjective from the word lyudin 'man'. The name Lyudin (b) dates back to antiquity, when people , in contrast to the noble class, were called ordinary free citizens by the word.
Content
History
The Troitsky XI excavation area is populated at the beginning of the X century, the population lived here permanently [4] .
One of the main streets of Ludin’s end was the Prusskaya street that exists today. The oldest streets of Lyudin's end are: Dobrynya , Volosova, Chernitsyna, Ryaditina, Vozdvizhenskaya, Lukina. Piskuplya Street came out of Detinets through the passing Spasskaya Tower to Lyudin.
According to B. A. Rybakov , in the stable name of Volosova Street, "the memory of pagan Hair " has been preserved [5] . According to another version, the street is named after the church of St. Blasia, since Volos is a folk East Slavic form named after Blasius [6] . M. Kh. Aleshkovsky believes that Volosova Street is older than the Vlasyevskaya Church, which stands at the end, and not at the beginning of the street. Therefore, the name of the street goes back to the anthroponym Volos , which is widespread among Novgorodians [7] . V. M. Vasiliev agrees with M. Kh. Aleshkovsky [8] .
V.L. Yanin claims that, as in the case of other pagan temples of ancient Novgorod, the wooden church of Blasius mentioned under 1111 was built on the site of the Slavic temple of Veles [9] , from which Christian Blasius inherited the main features. Justifying his point of view, Yanin refers only to the "Christianization decorum", which includes the "idea of triumph over defeated paganism." V. L. Vasiliev writes that the presence of a pagan temple here is still not archaeologically traced [10] .
The end of Ludin’s meeting was gathered at the church of Boris and Gleb in Detinets .
Present
Today on the territory of Ludin the end are: Tithe Monastery , Alekseevskaya Tower ; Churches: Trinity, Blasia. Main streets: Prusskaya, Meretskova-Volosova, Troitskaya-Breakdown , Desyatinnaya, Kaberova-Vlasyevskaya, Orlovskaya .
On the territory of Ludin's end, there is the Trinity Excavation - an operating site for archaeological research, as well as the “Theater of Time” - an open-air museum, available for visiting.
Notes
- ↑ Novgorod birch bark mail 2005
- ↑ Letter No. 954
- ↑ Birch-bark letters from the Novgorod excavations of 2005 // Questions of linguistics. 2006, No. 3 (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment September 8, 2017. Archived on September 20, 2017.
- ↑ Dolgikh A.V., Aleksandrovsky A. L. SOIL AND CULTURAL LAYER OF GREAT NOVGOROD // SOIL, 2010, No. 5, p. 515-526
- ↑ Rybakov B.A. Paganism of Ancient Russia. Ch. 9. Pagan reform of Vladimir
- ↑ Bolkhovitinov E. Historical conversations about the antiquities of Veliky Novgorod. M. , 1808. S. 28-29.
- ↑ Aleshkovsky M. Kh. Social Foundations of the Formation of the Territory of Novgorod in the 9th — 15th Centuries // Soviet archeology. 1974. No. 3. P. 102.
- ↑ Vasiliev V.L. Archaic toponymy of Novgorod land (Ancient Slavic deanthroponyms). Veliky Novgorod: Publishing House of NovSU, 2005. S. 352-354.
- ↑ Yanin V.L., Aleshkovsky M. X. The Origin of Novgorod, p. 38
- ↑ Vasiliev V.L. Archaic toponymy of Novgorod land (Ancient Slavic deanthroponyms). Veliky Novgorod: Publishing house of NovSU, 2005.S. 352.
Links
- Novgorod land
- Yanin V. L., Aleshkovsky M. X. Origin of Novgorod