Amber (Crimea)

The 2001 All-Ukrainian Census showed the following distribution by native speakers ^[9]

Population dynamics

In 2017 there are 28 streets in Yantarny ^[23] ; for 2009, according to the village council, the village occupied an area of ​​173 hectares in which, in more than 1 thousand households, there were 2,542 people ^[21] . The village has a secondary school ^[24] , a house of culture ^[25] , a library ^[26] , a general practice outpatient clinic - family medicine ^[27] , a church of St. Theodosius of Chernigov ^[28] , and there is an enterprise for the extraction of a lime saw stone CJSC Sevastopol Bridge " ^[29] . The village is connected by bus to the regional center and the neighboring settlements ^[30] .

The village is located about 9 kilometers (along the highway) ^[31] south of the district center of the village Krasnogvardeiskoe , 60 km from Simferopol , about 5.3 kilometers ^[32] from the Krasnopartizanskaya railway station, the height of the center of the village above the level sea ​​52 m ^[33] . On the territory of the village there are 2 wells of thermal waters with a water temperature at the output of +87 C. The transport communication is carried out along the regional road 35N-254 from the highway 35N-171 Dzhankoy - Guards ^[34] (according to the Ukrainian classification - C-0-10644 ^[35] ).

The first documentary mention of the village is found in the Cameral Description of the Crimea ... in 1784, judging by which, in the last period of the Crimean Khanate, Tashly-Dair was a member of the Dair Kadyk of Akmechet Kaimakanism ^[36] . After the annexation of the Crimea to Russia (8) on April 19, 1783 ^[37] , (8) on February 19, 1784, by the decree of Catherine II the senate , the Tauride region was formed in the territory of the former Crimean Khanate and the village was assigned to Perekop district ^[38] . After Pavlov's reforms, from 1796 to 1802, it was included in Akmechet district of Novorossiysk province ^[39] . According to the new administrative division, after the creation of October 8 (20), 1802 in the Taurida province ^[40] , Tashly-Dair was incorporated into the Kokchora-Kiyatsky parish of Perekopsky district.

In Vedomosti of all the villages in Perekop county consisting of the testimony in which volosts how many courtyards and souls are ... dated October 21, 1805 , Tashly-Dair is recorded as Dair, which included 29 courtyards, 250 Crimean Tatars and 3 Yasyrs ^[10] . On the military topographic map of Major General Mukhin of 1817, the village of Tashly-Dair with 40 yards is indicated ^[41] . After the reform of the volost division of 1829, the village, according to the "Report on the state-owned volosts of the Tauride Gubernia of 1829" , remained in the Kokchorakiyatsky volost ^[42] . On the map of 1842, the village is marked with 30 yards ^[43] .

In the 1860s, after the Zemstvo reform of Alexander II , the village was attributed to the Grigoryev volost of the same county. In the “List of Populated Places of Tavricheskaya Gubernia According to the Information of 1864” , compiled according to the results of the Eighth Revision of 1864, Tashly-Dair is a Tatar village in the possession of Muslim spiritual government, with 1 yard, 40 inhabitants and a mosque with a nameless beam ^[11] . On the three-top map of 1865–1876, there are 5 courtyards in the village ^[44] . In "The memorial book of the Tauride province of 1889", according to the results of the X revision of 1887, Tashly-Dair was recorded, with 31 yards and 178 inhabitants ^[12] .

After the Zemsky reform of 1890 ^[45] , Tashly-Dair was attributed to the Butensky volost . According to "... the memorial book of the Tauride province for 1892," in the village of Tashly-Dair, which was privately owned, there were 122 inhabitants in 26 households ^[13] . According to "... the memorial book of the Tauride province for 1902" in the village of Tashly-Dair there were 362 inhabitants in 73 households ^[14] . According to the Statistical directory of Tavricheskaya province. Part II. Statistical essay, issue of the fifth Perekop Uyezd, 1915 , in the village of Tashly-Dair of the Butensky Volost of Perekop Uyezd there were 73 courtyards with Tatar population in the amount of 74 people assigned residents and 307 - “outsiders” ^[15] .

After the establishment of the Soviet government in Crimea and the establishment of the Crimean ASSR on October 18, 1921, the Biyuk-Onlarsky district ^[46] was formed as part of the Simferopol district, including the village. In 1922, counties received the name of districts ^[47] . On October 11, 1923, according to the resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, changes were made to the administrative division of the Crimean ASSR, as a result of which the Biyuk-Onlar district was liquidated and the village was incorporated into the Simferopol district ^[48] . According to the List of populated areas of the Crimean ASSR according to the All-Union Census on December 17, 1926, there were 101 courtyards in the village of Tashly-Dair, the center of the Tashly-Dair village council of the Simferopol district, including 94 peasant population, the population was 378 people, 355 of them were Tatars, 14 Russians, 7 Ukrainians, 2 recorded in the column "other", there was a Tatar school ^[17] . By decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the reorganization of the network of districts of the Crimean ASSR" dated October 30, 1930, the Biyuk-Onlar region was re-established, this time as the German national ^[49] (deprived of the status by the national resolution of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU of February 20, 1939 ^[50] ) which included the village. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Crimean Center “On the Formation of a New Administrative Territorial Network of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic” of January 26, 1935, the German national Telmansky district was created ^{[51] [52]} (from December 14, 1944 - Krasnogvardeisky ^[53] ) and the village, together with the village council, included in its composition ^[54] .

In 1944, after the liberation of the Crimea from the German fascists, according to the resolution of the State Defense Committee No. 5859 of May 11, 1944, on May 18 the Crimean Tatars were deported to Central Asia ^[55] . On August 12, 1944, Resolution No. GOKO-6372c was adopted “On the resettlement of collective farmers to the regions of Crimea” ^[56] by which families of collective farmers moved to the region from regions of Ukraine and Russia, and in the early 1950s a second wave of immigrants from various regions of Ukraine followed ^[57] . By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of August 21, 1945, Tashly-Dair was renamed Malaya Balka and Tashly-Dairsky Village Soviet - Malobalkinsky ^[58] . On April 26, 1954, the Crimea region was transferred from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR ^[59] . The time of inclusion in the Udachnensky village council has not yet been established: as of June 15, 1960, Malaya Balka was already listed as a member ^[60] . By 1968, Malaya Balka was renamed Yantarnoye, at the same time the village council was formed (according to the reference book "The Crimean Region. Administrative and Territorial Division for January 1, 1968" - from 1954 to 1968 ^[61] ). According to the 1989 census , 2,855 people lived in the village ^[19] . From March 21, 2014 - as part of the Republic of Crimea of ​​Russia ^[62] .

In the village there are a municipal budgetary educational institution "Yantarny school named after V.V. Kubrakova ”Krasnogvardeisky district of the Republic of Crimea for 1174 students, a kindergarten, a cultural center for 600 people with a library, a rural outpatient clinic for family medicine, a rehabilitation center“ Yantarok ”for war and labor veterans, Theodosius of Chernigov .

On the territory of the village there is an agricultural workshop No. 55 of OJSC MMK im. Ilyich ” - a unique complex for growing tulip bulbs and saplings of fruit trees (grain, sunflower production, gardening, viticulture, animal husbandry). There is a Ukrtelecom liaison office, a branch of Sberbank, 10 mixed shops, 4 bars in the village.

Since the time of the USSR, they are engaged in the cultivation of tulips in the village. During Soviet times, the color band stretched for 12 kilometers, and at the same time 45-48 million buds bloomed there. At the same time, a branch of the North-Crimean Canal was extended specifically to the fields.

The history of the “Crimean Holland” began in 1978, when the village of Yantarnoye in the Krasnogvardeysky district was identified as the site of the main nursery of the USSR. Already in 1982, the largest tulip flower bed bloomed in the world - 48 million flowers on a field of 120 hectares. The Crimean flower growers then overtook the Dutch by a factor of flowering 1.5 times: out of 100 planted bulbs, they had 65 flowers, and Crimeans 95% ^[63] .

On May 11, 1979, the commander of the crew of a Tu-22M2 bomber, Captain Viktor Kubrakov , was killed, leading a burning plane outside the village of Yantarny. For his courage, Captain Kubrakov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner . In the village there is a monument at the place of his burial. The pioneer squad of the Yantarny school and one of the rural streets were named after Viktor Kubrakov, and a museum was created in the school itself ^[64] .

July 25, 2003 President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma visited the village.

Amber is the only town in Ukraine, where the name of the second president of the country is perpetuated. Everything that was done in 2003 for this village on the instructions of President Kuchma, cannot be called anything other than a “social revolution.”

In less than a year, a gas pipeline appeared there, asphalt streets and one of the three best-equipped schools in Crimea. In the local school, where there was no overhaul from the date of its construction in 1979, windows and doors with double-glazed windows appeared, in the classrooms - furniture in the color of wallpaper, two language laboratories, a computer class, in the gym - carpet tennis flooring, for girls for lessons housekeeping - electric stoves and sewing machines, dining for 200 seats with Italian kitchen equipment.

Every year on May 11 in the village a traditional volleyball tournament among amateur teams of the Crimea is held in memory of V. Kubrakov. Youth team with. Amber in fire-applied sports - champion of Ukraine 2005-2006.

• Yantarny village council // Cities and villages of Ukraine. Autonomous Republic of Crimea. City of Sevastopol. Local history essays. - Glory of Sevastopol, 2009.
• Administrative-territorial transformations in the Crimea. 1783-1998 Handbook / Ed. G. N. Grzybowski . - Simferopol: Tavriya Plus, 1999. - 464 p. - ISBN 966-7503-22-4 .
• Edited by P. T. Tronko . History mіst і sіl Ukraїnskoi RSR. Volume 26, Krimska region. . - Kiev: The main edition of the SSE., 1974. - p. 464. - 833 p.

• from Amberne Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Krasnogvardiy district (ukr.) . Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The appeal date is July 17, 2015.
• MBOU "YANTARNENSKAYA SCHOOL"