The Moscow Construction Commission is an administrative institution established in Moscow in 1813 to deal with the consequences of the fire of 1812 . Also known in the sources as the " Commission for the construction of Moscow " [1] .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Commission work
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
History
January 3, 1813 Minister A.D. Balashov asked Moscow Governor-General F.V. Rostopchin for information to create a new institution on the model of the Stone Order [2] . The instruction to create the “Commission for Buildings in Moscow” was given to Rostopchin by Alexander I on February 4, 1813 [3] [4] . Rostopchin prepared the draft and proposed to appoint Prince M. D. Tsitsianov as the head of the commission. Decree “The Highest Approved Formation of the Commission for Buildings in Moscow. With the application of the states of this and three brick factories, it was published on May 5, 1813.
On May 26, the first meeting of the commission took place. The commission was located in the chambers of Sverchkov , where in 1775-1782 the Ekaterininsky stone order worked ( Sverchkov pereulok , 8) [5] [6] . Prior to the commission's work, plans for the restoration of the city were developed by the Committee on the Equation of Urban Duties (architect V. I. Geste ) [4] . Actual work began on June 9, 1813, although formally the process of forming the commission went on June 26, 1813 (on that day the Governing Senate approved the report of Rostopchin).
The chairman of the commission was the Moscow commander in chief (first F.V. Rostopchin, then A.P. Tormasov ). The first director was Prince M. D. Tsitsianov [5] . Architects were transferred from the Council of the Deanery [4] to the commission (the government at the same time stopped issuing building permits, its construction part was abolished). The surveyors were obtained from the Committee for the Equalization of Urban Duties, the Committee itself became part of the Commission.
The working body of the commission, “Drawing”, was divided into land surveying (I-e) and architectural (II-e) departments. The director of the drawing was E. G. Cheliev . The head of the architectural department was O. I. Bove . The Commission also included V. P. Stasov , D. I. Zhilyardi , V. I. Geste , V. A. Balashov , D. F. Borisov , F. K. Sokolov and other architects [7] [6] .
The commission completed work in 1843. Its land surveying and architectural departments became part of the 4th district of the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings [2] .
Commission Work
Initially, the newly created Commission was to implement a redevelopment project in Moscow, developed by metropolitan architect V. Guest. However, in October 1813, at a meeting of the Commission, this plan was criticized and rejected. By 1817, under the leadership of O. Bove, a new plan was developed "projected to the capital city of Moscow" [6] .
The commission received the right to issue building permits and control of construction and large material resources. Three Moscow brick-works were subordinate to the commission [2] (according to other sources, five). The commission was granted a government interest-free loan in the amount of five million rubles [5] . The commission was also entrusted with the work on landscaping and engineering equipment in Moscow, but until 1817 almost all of the work was focused on building solid houses for residents of Moscow affected by the fire of 1812.
Moscow was divided into four parts, each of which was headed by one architect with four assistants. The Commission's functions included approving the projects submitted by the owners of the plots, drafting projects for those who could not order them from third-party architects. The commission also approved the statement of the house regarding the red line of the streets, its size and the street facade; the internal layout remained with the owner. For developers, financial assistance was organized in the form of loans secured by constructed buildings [1] .
In the field of supervision, the commission is considered the predecessor of Mosgosstroynadzor . So, the architectural department had the following tasks:
“The compilation of plans and facades for the work of philistine buildings and the supervision of strength during the construction thereof; monitoring the production of buildings exactly according to the projected lines, as well as issued plans and facades; "looking for the kindness of the materials, building the necessary ones and making bricks according to this form in both state and private factories, evenly observing the established proportion of white stone."
The work of the commission was efficient; Moscow was largely rebuilt in five years. By May 1816, the task of building houses began to lose its acuteness, and after the decision of the Committee of Ministers, the Commission received more than 1.5 million rubles for leveling the streets and improving them [8] .
See also
- Commission on the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Libson V. Ya. , Domshlak M.I., Arenkova Yu. I. and other Kremlin. China town. Central square // Monuments of architecture of Moscow . - M .: Art, 1983 .-- S. 154-157. - 504 s. - 25,000 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 3 History of the State Construction Supervision Committee of the city of Moscow (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment May 31, 2010. Archived May 29, 2010.
- ↑ Nikolai Fedorovich Dubrovin. World War II in the letters of contemporaries: (1812-1815). Imperial Academy of Sciences. St. Petersburg, 1882. S. 498
- ↑ 1 2 3 Sytin P.V. History of the planning and development of Moscow. T.III. The fire of Moscow in 1812 and the construction of the city for 50 years . Moscow Worker, 1972.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Voldemar Nikolaevich Balyazin , who transferred to the Commission from the Committee for the Equation of Urban Duties. Unofficial History of Russia S. 415
- ↑ 1 2 3 Klimenko, 2012 , p. 123.
- ↑ Bakarev V.A. Where will you find another Moscow ?. - M .: Contact-Culture, 2012 .-- S. 859. - 960 p. - ISBN 978-5-903406-32-6 .
- ↑ Klimenko, 2012 , p. 124.
Literature
- Sytin P.V. History of the planning and development of Moscow. T.III. The fire of Moscow in 1812 and the construction of the city for 50 years . Moscow Worker , 1972.
- Klimenko Yu. G. Commission on the structure of Moscow // Architectural anniversaries. Calendar of Memorable Dates 2012—2016. - Publishing House of the Rudencovs, 2012 .-- S. 123-125 . - ISBN 978-5-902887-16-4 .