Liutprand of Cremona ( Latin: Liutprandus Cremonensis , circa 922 , Pavia - 972 ) is an Italian diplomat and historian of the 10th century , bishop of Cremona (962–972) who tried to establish relations between Byzantium and Western Europe.
| Liutprand Cremona | ||
|---|---|---|
| lat Liutprandus Cremonensis | ||
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| Birth | about 922 | |
| Death | ||
Content
Biography
Liutprand was born in Pavia into a noble family. His father was an influential bureaucrat; he traveled with the embassy to Byzantium . In 931, Liutprand was sent to the court of the King of Italy, Hugo of Italy , where he received an excellent education.
After the death of Hugo in 947, he became the personal secretary of Berengaria , Margrave of Ivrea and the future king. In 949, Liutprand, versed in Greek, was sent as an ambassador to Constantinople to the court of Emperor Constantine VII Bagryanorodny , where he spent four months. Upon his return, for an unknown reason, there was a break with Berengaria. The details of the trip to Byzantium and his negative attitude towards Berengaria, Liutprand set forth in the composition Antapodosis ("Retribution").
Soon after returning, he left Pavia and found refuge at the court of the King of Germany, Otto the Great , an adversary of Berengaria. Liutprand was only back in his homeland in 961 , when Otton set out on a trip to Italy, removed Berengaria and became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire . In 962, Liutprand was appointed bishop of Cremona , a city in Lombardy , but his diplomatic activity did not end there. In 963 , when Pope John XII teamed up with his son Berengaria Adalbert and started a conspiracy against Otto, Liutprand and the emperor went to Rome , where he took part in a secret meeting of the bishops. The result of this meeting was the deposition of the pope on December 4, 963 .
In 968, Liutprand again went to Byzantium - this time at the head of the embassy, whose purpose was to conclude an agreement on the marriage of the heir to Otto the Great, the future emperor Otto II Red , with Feofano, daughter of the emperor of Byzantium, Roman II , who died five years ago. This marriage was designed to reconcile Otto the Great and Byzantium, which had recently invaded Puglia and claimed Capua and Benevento . However, the matchmaking was not successful. Emperor Nicephorus II Fock answered Otto's offer with a refusal and gave his envoy Liutprand an unfriendly reception. Turning to Otton, Liutprand described his meal with Nicephorus, during which the emperor insulted his guest in every possible way and reproached his king and people:
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In 969, Liutprand returned to Italy and described this trip in the essay Relatio de legatione Constantinopolitana ad Nicephorum Phocam ("Embassy in Constantinople to the Emperor Nikifor Fock"). Three years later, Liutprand died, as Oldebert became the new bishop of Cremona in 972 .
Compositions
- Antapodosis (Retribution) ( lat. Antapodosis ) This essay in six books, written by Liutprand in Frankfurt in 958 - 962 , is a historical chronicle with autobiographical insets. Describing the events from 887 to 949 , the author first of all set out to expose Berengaria to his descendants and thus give him what he deserved (hence the name of the book).
- Acts of Otto ( Latin: Historia Ottonis or Gesta Ottonis ) The composition consists of 22 chapters and describes the history of the reign of Emperor Otto the Great from 960 to 964 and the details of his second trip to Italy.
- Embassy in Constantinople to Emperor Nikifor Fock ( Latin Relatio de legatione Constantinopolitana ad Nicephorum Phocam ) The work was written after the second embassy of Liutprand to Constantinople and composed in the form of a letter to Otton the Great and his son. Since the trip was unsuccessful, Liutprand put the emperor Nicephorus from the most unseemly side, painting with great partiality his insidiousness and cunning.
Publications
- In Russian
- Liutprand Cremona . Antapodosis; Book of Otto; Report on the Embassy in Constantinople / Translation from Lat. and comments by I. V. Dyakonov. - M .: “SPSL” - “Russian Panorama”, 2006. - 192 p. - (MEDIÆVALIA: medieval literary monuments and sources). - 1 200 copies. - ISBN 5-93165-160-8 .
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118575171 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Nicephorus II Fock
- ↑ Liutprand of Cremona. Embassy in Constantinople
Links
- Zvyagintsev E.A. Liutprand, historian // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Retribution: Book I , Book II , Book III , Book V , passages
- Embassy in Constantinople
- Liutprand Cremona
- Liutprand Cremona - Zdravko Batsarov, Encyclopædia Orbis Latini
- Liutprand, Relatio - excerpt (in English)
- Opera Omnia Minier Latin pathology with analytical indices