Steel-2 is a Soviet short-haul passenger aircraft with one piston air-cooled engine developed by engineer Putilov Design Bureau ( Scientific Research Institute of Civil Air Fleet) .
| Steel 2 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type of | passenger plane |
| Developer | Department of Experimental Aircraft Engineering Research Institute of Civil Air Fleet |
| Manufacturer | Tushino Engineering Plant (GAZ-81) |
| Chief Designer | Putilov Alexander Ivanovich |
| First flight | October 11, 1931 |
| Years of production | 1933 - 1935 |
| Units produced | 111 |
Content
History
The first production aircraft with an all-steel welded structure. Especially for launching the aircraft in series, the machine-building plant No. 81 in Tushino was built.
The aircraft made its first test flight (prototype with a Wright J-6-7 engine) on October 11, 1931 under the control of test pilot Eduard Ivanovich Schwartz.
On November 16, 1934, the USSR for the first time took part in the Paris International Air Show , showing, among other aircraft ( R-5 , AIR-9 ), the Steel-2 aircraft. [one]
A version was released, characterized by the use of flaperons ("Steel-2 bis").
Design
Aerodynamic design - strut monoplane ( high wing ) with fixed gear and single- tail plumage .
Aircraft feature was the manufacture of a welded frame made of stainless steel grade "Energ-6". Sheathing of the planes , plumage and tail of the fuselage - the canvas, the sides of the fuselage - plywood , the front of the fuselage - duralumin .
Crew - 1 person, passenger capacity - 4 people.
Flight performance
| Parameter | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Length m | 9.74 |
| Wing span, m | 15.25 |
| Wing area, m² | 31,0 |
| Engine | "M-26" or "MG-31" |
| Thrust, hp | 300 |
| Max. speed, km / h | 205 |
| Cruising speed, km / h | 170 |
| Range, km | 750 |
| Ceiling, m | 6000 |
| Empty weight, kg | 1180 |
| Flight weight | 1910 |
Accidents
It is known about one crash of the Steel-2 aircraft with the side sign L1196 in 1935 . [2]
Notes
- ↑ Russian Air Force: people and planes
- ↑ Russie (1930-1939) - Aircraft Crashes Record Office (link not available) . Date of treatment May 25, 2010. Archived on October 9, 2011.
Project Development
Steel 3
Steel-3 was a development of the steel-2 aircraft. It was distinguished by its large size and more powerful engine (M-22). Due to this, “Steel-3” at the same landing speed developed a maximum speed of up to 240 km / h, the ceiling increased to 6550 m, and the flight range increased to 960 km, the number of passengers - 6. Wing of a large area (34.8 square meters) had slotted ailerons and flaps. The brake wheels were covered with fairings.
The prototype "Steel-3" was released in 1933. Serial for 1935-1936. there were 79 copies.
The operation of the aircraft "Steel-2" and "Steel-3" showed that they fully satisfy their purpose. However, the particularly long expected service life from them did not materialize. Stainless steel itself could serve for decades, but welding spots, bolts and other parts rusted, and the cloth required quite frequent replacement. Therefore, the aircraft "Steel" had to undergo repairs, like any other. The use of stainless steel as the predominant structural material in this sense did not justify itself. But the development of methods for welding and handling stainless steel was a major achievement.