Anatoly (Grisyuk)

Born in the family of an accountant. He graduated from the Kremenets Theological College (1894), the Volyn Theological Seminary (1900) and the Kiev Theological Academy (1904) with a candidate of theology degree . In 1903 he was tonsured a monk and in May 1904 he was ordained a hieromonk .

From August 1904 to August 1905 he was a professor scholarship of the Academy in the Department of General Church History. Since June 3, 1905, he has been an assistant professor at the Department of General Church History of the Kiev Theological Academy (since August 1910, at the Department of the History of the Ancient Church). Since August 1905 he was engaged in scientific research at the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople .

In 1911, he was awarded a master 's degree in theology for his dissertation: “The historical outline of Syrian monasticism until the half of the VI century” and it was approved by the associate professor of the academy. This work was awarded the Metropolitan Macarius Prize .

In the Kiev-Mikhailovsky monastery, on August 29, 1911, he was elevated to the rank of archimandrite . Since January 10, 1912 - an extraordinary extraordinary professor at the Kiev Theological Academy; since May 1912 - in the state. Since June 8, 1912 - inspector and extraordinary professor of the Moscow Theological Academy .

Since June 6, 1913 - rector of the Kazan Theological Academy , he lectured on the history of the ancient church. He was the last rector in the history of the academy.

He knew classical and some eastern languages, studied the primary sources of the history of Christianity in the Ancient East, was distinguished by “a passionate desire to get to the bottom of the most sophisticated chronological date”. He was elected a member of the Council of the Kazan Department of the Russian Assembly . ^[2]

Bishop

On June 29, 1913, he was consecrated bishop of Chistopol , the second vicar of the Kazan diocese (the rectors of the academy were ordained to the rank of vicar bishop of Chistopol). Since July 1914 - the second vicar of the Kazan diocese.

After the official closure of the academy by the Soviet government, it, while maintaining the curriculum, worked privately. Since the Academy building was selected, lectures were delivered at the professors' home, and the Academy Council met at its rector’s apartment. In early 1921, Chekists intercepted a package sent by Bishop Anatoly Patriarch Tikhon with a report on the academic activities of the academy, which led to the appearance of a letter from the Cheka to the People’s Commissariat , which, in particular, said: “The presence in Kazan of such a center of obscurantism, led by the spiritual and administrative center ... undesirable. We ask you to take measures to suppress the further activities of this institution. ”

In March 1921, Bishop Anatoly was arrested and sentenced to one year of forced labor. He was sent to Moscow and imprisoned for several months in Butyrskaya prison , where he was severely beaten, his jaw and two ribs were broken.

Since February 28, 1922 - Bishop of Samara and Stavropol .

In 1923 he wrote to Patriarch Tikhon: “I did not join any of the renovation groups, although representatives of the civil authorities asked me on this issue” ... I respected loyalty in relations with the civil authorities, until September 1923, he was jointly governed by the bishop Pavel who was free only a month; <...> I didn’t enter into official and business relations with the VTsU, I didn’t mention him at the service. Decrees of the All-Ukrainian Central Council of September 1922 on the disobedience of His Holiness the Patriarch and on monasteries - did not comply; a new decree arrived at the end of November, with the reason for the ban on commemoration of a purely political nature, was also in no hurry to comply). “... but on December 5/18, 1922, I was called to the Samara Gubotdel of the GPU, where they asked me directly - why am I refusing to obey the orders of the Moscow Central Executive University? I replied that Your Holiness has not been convicted by either a church or even a civil court, although you are not in church affairs and are imprisoned. Then the representative of the GPU began to explain to me that the mention of your name is an act of disloyalty to the civil authorities, who consider you (this is a literal expression of who spoke to me) “the enemy of the people” and that your case has not been understood until now only by its complexity, but that your guilt is obvious all, etc. ... ”When, due to the lack of an order on this issue, one of the Samara archpriests was arrested and questions began to come from the clergy, he decided to assume canonical and moral responsibility and suspend, until disputes of the Supreme Church authority, commemoration of the name of His Holiness the Patriarch. He offered vowel prayers about him as a prisoner and advised others to do the same ^[3] .

On February 24, 1923, he was again arrested for opposing the renovation movement (the formal reason for the arrest was the anti-Soviet appeal, found on his behalf, found during a search in his apartment; Vladyka Anatoly himself stated that it was a fake).

On August 4, 1923, he was briefly released, and soon elevated to the rank of archbishop by Patriarch Tikhon .

Link to Turkmenistan

On September 18, 1923 he was again arrested, accused of spreading anti-Soviet rumors, and sent for administrative years to Turkmenistan - to the city of Poltoratsk (now Ashgabat ), and since 1925 - to Krasnovodsk .

He continued to be interested in scientific issues in the link from which he wrote to Professor A. I. Brilliantov : “As for us, now we are not so much studying ancient church history as we are victims of the tragedy of modern Russian church history. The official and unofficial odyssey has set us far from libraries and even from our own small collection of books in the specialty. It would be very curious to find out what is the state of science of ancient church history in Europe after the war and what discoveries, major publications and major studies can be noted there ... ” He returned from exile in 1927 .

He supported Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) . Since 1927 - a permanent member of the Provisional Holy Synod under the Deputy Patriarchal Locum Tenens (dissolved in 1935).

Bishop of Odessa

Since September 1928 - Archbishop of Odessa and Kherson ^[4] .

On May 18, 1932, all the members of the Synod, who at that time had the rank of archbishops, including Archbishop Anatoly, were elevated to the rank of metropolitans with the right to wear a white hood and a cross on the miter ^[5] .

From 1934 to 1935 - temporarily managing the Kharkov diocese . During this period, the authorities closed many churches of the diocese (a number of churches were blown up), arrested a significant part of the clergy. The metropolitan was repeatedly summoned for interrogation to the administration of the GPU, either late at night or during the service (in the latter case, the metropolitan first ended the service, despite the discontent of the Chekists).

According to the opinions of believers and the clergy, he was a kind and accessible person, an excellent preacher. According to the memoirs of Metropolitan Manuil (Lemeshevsky) , “in appearance he was small in stature, feeble, stooped, always looking down — he gave the impression of a man deepened in himself and preoccupied with his thoughts.”

Last Arrest and Detention in the North

Arrested on the night of August 9-10, 1936 . Accused of “contacting the Catholic priest of the city of Nikolaev, Znosko Christian Leontyevich, with whom he was negotiating the establishment of an anti-Soviet bloc by reuniting the eastern (Orthodox) and western (Catholic) churches on a union basis, with the subordination of the Orthodox Church to the Pope. In his daily activities he led anti-Soviet agitation and in the form of counter-revolutionary statements he systematically introduced anti-Soviet attitudes to the clergy and clergy, educating them in this way in the counter-revolutionary direction. ” In response to these accusations, he stated that he did not engage in anti-Soviet agitation, as well as “I had no connection with the representatives of the Catholic Church and did not conduct any negotiations on the unification of the Orthodox and Catholics. I declare that I am a staunch anti-Catholic and in my religious views as an Orthodox bishop could not conduct such negotiations. I had a private conversation with the Catholic priest. ” He was sent to Moscow, where he was imprisoned in Butyrka prison . Already at that time he was seriously ill, his legs were taken away from him.

On January 21, 1937, a Special Conference of the NKVD of the USSR sentenced Metropolitan Anatoly to five years in prison. Despite his illness, he was sent by a general stage together with criminals who robbed the metropolitan on the road. Part of the path, the prisoners traveled by rail, then walked on foot - in the snow in harsh conditions close to the polar winter. Vladyka Anatoly moved with difficulty: when he fell, he was allowed to get into the back of the truck and carried until he came to his senses, and then again drove on foot.

In February 1937 he arrived at the Kyltov agricultural colony , in May he was sent to "general" work. In October, due to a deterioration in his health, he was transferred to disability, but in November he was again taken out to general camp work. By this time, almost blind. From the report of the camp administration: “The work is carried out by 62%. It works poorly in old age, but it’s trying. ”

In January 1938 he was placed in a camp hospital, where he died. In his biography, it is said that before his death, the lord was demanded that he give his gospel and a pectoral cross, with which he never parted. The gospel was torn from his hands by force, but he did not give up the cross ^[6] .

He was canonized as a locally revered saint of Kherson diocese by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in 1997 .

He was counted among the holy New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia at the Anniversary Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in August 2000 for general church veneration.

The temple in the name of the holy martyr Anatoly was opened in the Odessa detention center, where he was imprisoned in the 1930s. The first liturgy in the new church was performed on November 22, 2016 ^[7] .

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• Volkov V.A., Kulikova M.V., Loginov V.S. Moscow professors of the 18th - early 20th centuries. Humanities and social sciences. - M .: Janus-K, 2006 .-- S. 16-17. - 300 s. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 5-8037-0318-4.
• Igum. Damascene (Oryol). Anatoly // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2001. - T. II. - S. 265-267. - 752 s. - 40,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89572-007-2 .

• Biography