Centella asiatica ( Latin: Centélla asiática ) - a herbaceous flowering plant , a species of the genus Centella of the family Umbrella ( Apiaceae ); previously this genus was usually included in the Araliaceae family , and sometimes it was included in the Hydrocotylaceae family.
| Centella Asian | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Centella asiatica, general view of flowering plants. Vietnam | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||
| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Centella asiatica ( L. ) Urb. (1879) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||||
See text | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Security status | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The plant is widespread in Asia and Australia , used as a food and medicinal plant [2] .
Content
- 1 Distribution and ecology
- 2 Biological Description
- 3 Chemical composition
- 4 Pharmacological properties and application in medicine
- 5 Cultivation
- 6 Synonyms
- 7 notes
- 8 Literature
- 9 References
Distribution and Ecology
Centella asiatica is common in Sri Lanka , in India , Northern Australia , Indonesia , Iran , Malaysia , Melanesia and Papua New Guinea . It grows mainly in humid lowlands and along ditches.
Biological Description
Creeping perennial herb . The stalk is weak, rooted in nodes. The leaves are whole, with short petioles, rounded bud-shaped with a wide notch at the base, obtuse-humorous along the edges, sitting on stems with whorls 3-4 in each [3] . In nature, the height of plants rarely exceeds 2.5 cm; in a culture, plants grow to 15 cm [2] .
The flowers are small, nondescript, reddish, on short pedicels , appear in spring [2] .
Chemical Composition
Centella asiatica herb contains 0.1% of essential oil rich in pinene , myrcene and other mono- and sesquiterpenoids ; steroid compounds ( campesterol , β-sitosterol , stigmasterol ); triterpene saponins (asiaticosides, madecassosides, asiatic and madecassic acids, derivatives of R 1 -barrigenol), polyacetylene compounds, flavonoids ː rutin , campferol , quercetin , etc., alkaloids , tannins [4] [5] .
Pharmacological properties and use in medicine
In Southeast Asia, centella is used as a stimulating and tonic drug that improves metabolism in bronchitis , bronchial asthma , and tuberculosis [4] . The plant is part of the Pharmacopoeia of India and the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, is used as a diuretic , antiseptic , laxative , antirheumatic agent and in dermatology . In Madagascar, it is used to treat leprosy and tuberculosis [4] .
Centella asiatica is known as the most important anti-aging agent in Ayurvedic medicine . According to the treatment methods adopted in it, this is the main tool for stimulating and strengthening nerve and brain cells. Doctors believe that it improves intelligence, improves memory, increases life expectancy, slows down aging and gives strength in old age. The use of preparations from centella strengthen the immune system , cleansing and nourishing it, and also strengthen the adrenal glands . At the same time, it is a powerful blood purifier with a specific effect in chronic skin diseases, including leprosy and syphilis , eczema and psoriasis . The plant is effective for intermittent and intermittent fevers , such as malaria . In the form of a milk broth, it serves as a good tonic for the nervous system. [6]
In Vietnamese medicine, for the treatment of colds , fevers , headaches , centella grass is taken in the form of a decoction . For the treatment of abdominal pain, diarrhea , dysentery , nephrolithiasis , urolithiasis , plant juice is taken. With dysmenorrhea and lumbago - dry powder from a plant [3] .
Centella Asiatica, as a medicinal plant, is gradually gaining more and more popularity in different countries. It is widely used both in mono-and complex preparations to strengthen the nervous system, with hemorrhoids , varicose veins , cellulite , cervical dysplasia , periodontitis , obesity , memory impairment and other intellectual functions, encephalopathy (including perinatal ). Centella is used as a prophylactic for senile dementia , for rehabilitation after traumatic brain injuries, neuro-emotional disorders, with hypertension , lymphostasis , calf seizures , and leg fatigue. It is believed that it is effective for various skin injuries ( wounds , ulcers , burns , etc., including after surgery), trophic ulcers , scleroderma , uterine circulation disorders and fetal hypoxia during pregnancy [7] .
Cultivation
Centella asiatica is the only cultivated species of this genus. The soil in which the plant is grown must be moist, there are no special requirements for its fertility. Reproduction - division. The plant requires control, because it can behave quite aggressively, quickly capturing neighboring areas [2] .
In open ground, the plant is suitable for cultivation in zones of frost resistance from 9 to 12 [2] .
Centella asiatica is also cultivated as a houseplant [2] .
The plant is widely used as a food plant. In some regions of Southeast Asia, centella leaves are considered a tonic, they are eaten daily, adding to rice [2] .
Plant extract is part of toothpastes .
Synonyms
The view has extensive synonymy . List of synonyms for The Plant List [8] database information:
- Centella asiatica var. crista makino
- Centella boninensis nakai ex tuyama
- Centella glochidiata ( Benth. ) Drude
- Centella hirtella Nannf.
- Centella tussilaginifolia ( Baker ) Domin - Centella coltsfoot
- Centella ulugurensis ( Engl. ) Domin
- Centella uniflora ( Colenso ) Nannf.
- Chondrocarpus asiaticus Nutt.
- Chondrocarpus triflorus Nutt.
- Glyceria asiatica Nutt.
- Glyceria triflora Nutt.
- Hydrocotyle asiatica L. basionym - Asian Hydrocotyle [2]
- Hydrocotyle asiatica var. Floridana JMCoult. & Rose
- Hydrocotyle asiatica var. monantha F. Muell.
- Hydrocotyle biflora P. Vell.
- Hydrocotyle brasiliensis Scheidw. ex Otto & F. Dietr. - Brazilian hydrocotile
- Hydrocotyle brevipedata St. Lager & St.-Lag.
- Hydrocotyle dentata A.Rich.
- Hydrocotyle ficarifolia Stokes
- Hydrocotyle ficarioides Lam.
- Hydrocotyle hebecarpa DC.
- Hydrocotyle inaequipes DC.
- Hydrocotyle lunata Lam.
- Hydrocotyle lurida hance
- Hydrocotyle nummularioides A.Rich.
- Hydrocotyle pallida DC.
- Hydrocotyle reniformis walter
- Hydrocotyle repanda Pers.
- Hydrocotyle sarmentosa Salisb.
- Hydrocotyle sylvicola Cordem.
- Hydrocotyle thunbergiana Spreng.
- Hydrocotyle triflora Ruiz & Pav.
- Hydrocotyle tussilaginifolia Baker - Hydrocotyle coltsfoot
- Hydrocotyle uniflora Colenso
- Hydrocotyle wightiana Wall.
- Trisanthus cochinchinensis Lour.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Botany, 2006 .
- ↑ 1 2 Needed, 2006 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Encyclopedic Dictionary of medicinal plants and animal products продуктов Textbook. allowance / Ed. G.P. Yakovleva and K.F. Blinova. - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional .. - St. Petersburg. : Special Lite; Publishing House of SPKhFA, 2002. - S. 296-297. - 407 p. - ISBN 5-299-00209-2 .
- ↑ Schröter A.I., Valentinov B.G., Naumov E.M. Natural raw materials of Chinese medicine. The reference book in 3 volumes .. - M .: Terevinf, 2004. - T. 1. - 506 p.
- ↑ Lad Vasant, Frawley David. Herbs and spices / Per. from English .. - M .: Sattva, 1997 .-- 304 p.
- ↑ Alyoshin S.V., Vlasov V.D. Introduction to orthomolecular medicine. - Association of aerospace, marine and environmental medicine; Section of orthomolecular medicine. - M. , 2001 .-- 104 s.
- ↑ Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. // The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. (English) (Retrieved April 10, 2014)
Literature
- Centella // Botany. Encyclopedia "All plants of the world": Per. from English = Botanica / Ed. D. Grigoryeva et al. - M .: Könemann, 2006 .-- S. 208. - 1020 p. - ISBN 3-8331-1621-8 .
- Necessary V.P., Rozhanets V.V., Efremov A.P. Medicinal plants and phytocompositions in narcology. - Russian Research Institute of Health; National Science Center for Addiction. - M .: KomKniga, 2006 .-- S. 174-175. - 512 s. - ISBN 978-5-484-00690-8 .
Links
- Centella asiatica Natural Herbal Extracts Co2 Herb Extract
- Centella asiatica // Flora of Chine. (eng.)