Military science

The flowering of military sciences is possible only in peacetime .

- Don Aminado

Military science , in the general sense, was created, developed and improved over a long historical period. Its separate branches (disciplines, elements) originated in ancient times (during the period of slave society in Egypt , Persia , China , Greece and Rome ). During the Middle Ages continued its development. As the productive forces of society grew in the countries of the world, weapons and military equipment improved, the management of the army ( fleet ) and their formations became more complicated, and historical experience in military affairs was accumulated. All this ultimately led to the design of military science as a definite system of practical and theoretical knowledge and skills .

In imperial Russia , it was accepted that military sciences can be divided into two main branches ^{[2] of the} science of war :

• military art ;
  • theory of military art ;
    • tactics ;
    • strategy ;
  • history of military art ;
    • war history;
    • history of military art;
    • history of troops;
    • history of military institutions;
• military law ;
  • military administrative law ;
    • troop organization ;
    • troop manning ;
    • troop control ;
    • military economy ;
  • military criminal law ;
    • substantive law ;
    • formal law .

Previously, military science , in the broad sense, included:

• the doctrine of military goals , that is, military policy ;
• the doctrine of military means ( organization , control , armament and equipment of troops , fortresses , naval forces and so on);
• the doctrine of the use of military means to achieve the goal , that is, about the very conduct of war ( military operations ).
  • a guide for large-scale military operations (strategy)
  • the study of individual orders regarding the concentration , movement and combat operations of troops ( tactics ).
• private (auxiliary) military sciences
  • fortification
  • artillery
  • military geography
  • military chemistry
  • military topography
  • and so on.

In Russia, at the moment, military science includes the following disciplines (sections, military sciences):

• Theory of Military Art
  • Military strategy (Theory of strategic art) - the science of conducting military operations (war) on a global scale, the field of military art. It covers the issues of theory and practice of preparation for military operations (war), their planning and conduct.
  • Operational art (Theory of operational art) is the science of conducting military operations on the scale of theaters of operations (theater of operations ), an integral part of military art , occupies an intermediate position between tactics and military strategy. He studies the methods of preparing and conducting joint and independent operations (combat operations) by large military formations - corps (group of corps), armies , front (group of armies), group of fronts.
  • Theory of tactics, Tactics ( dr. Greek τακτικός “referring to the formation of troops ”, from τάξις “order and location”) is a section of the theory and an integral part of military art, including the theory of the preparation and conduct of combat by formations ( corps , division , brigade ), units (ships) and units of various types of armed forces , combat arms (forces) and special forces on land, in air and at sea; military theoretical discipline. Tactics encompasses the study, development, and training of all types of combat operations : offensive , defense , oncoming combat , tactical regroupings, and so on.
  • Military engineering art (obsolete. Military engineering) is a part of military art that encompasses the theory and practice of preparing and conducting engineering support of armed struggle: design and construction of military facilities, communications, fortifications and bridges, providing troops with water, energy and auxiliary means, the use or disposal of conventional explosive devices, including mines, in order to facilitate the advancement of their own or obstruct the advancement of enemy troops, as well as other engineering issues bespechenii. In addition, the concept of military engineering includes the design and development of equipment necessary to perform the above tasks, including camouflage and shelter.
  • Naval art is part of the art of war, encompassing the theory and practice of the preparation and conduct of armed struggle at sea . Naval art consists of the strategic use of the navy , operational art and tactics of the navy.
• Management and theory of military construction .
  • Mobilization training .
  • Organization of daily activities .
  • Military history is the science of the origin, construction and operations of the armed forces (military units) of the states (peoples) of the world.
    • The history of military art .
    • Domestic military history .
    • Foreign military history .
  • Military law ( Military law ).
  • Military statistics .
  • Military geography .
  • Military topography
  • Military geology .
• The theory of military training and education .
  • Operational training .
  • Combat training .
    • General military training ( OP ).
      • Military pedagogy .
      • Military psychology .
      • Military Charter ( OS ).
      • Drill training ( SP ).
      • Physical fitness ( AF ).
      • Medical training ( Med.P ).
      • Military engineering training ( VIP ).
      • Radiation, chemical, biological protection ( RHBZ ).
      • Communication ( St. ).
      • Military Topography ( BT ).
  • Co-ordination and interaction .
• The theory of military economy and the rear (supply, provision)
  • Theory of war economics .
  • Rear support .
  • Transport support
• other.

Depending on the nomenclature by which a doctoral or candidate dissertation is defended, the applicant is awarded one of the following academic degrees ^[4] :

• Doctor of Military Sciences ( Doctor of Military Sciences ^[5] )
• Candidate of Military Sciences (Candidate of Military Sciences ^[5] )

It is also possible to obtain a scientific title :

• Professor
• Assistant professor

Depending on the nomenclature, it is possible to obtain a scientific specialty (not all are presented):

• 01.20.01 “General principles of military science, military construction , construction of the Armed Forces”;

• Academy of Military Sciences
• Cadet
• Military education in Russia
• Military higher educational institutions of Russia

• Glossary of military terms. / Comp. A.M. Plekhov . Ed. S. G. Shapkin. - M .: Military Publishing , 1988 .-- ISBN 5-203-00175-8

Encyclopedias

• Military science // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Russia / Russian science / Military sciences // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Great Soviet Encyclopedia (TSB). 3rd ed. in 30 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969 - 1978 .
• Soviet military encyclopedia : [in 8 vol.] / Chairman. Ch. ed. Commission A. A. Grechko [t. 1, 8] , N.V. Ogarkov [vol. 2-7] . - M .: Military Publishing House of the USSR Ministry of Defense , 1976-1980. ;
• Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (WEC). - M .: Military Publishing, 1984 . - 863 p., With ill., 30 p. (ill.)

• Fundamentals of military and naval science at Militer.
• Network scientific publication “Science. Society. Defense".