The administrative center is the official main city of any administrative education of the first, second or third level (such as a region , territory , autonomous republic , province , state , department ). As a rule, in the administrative center there are state authorities and local level administrations:
- the residence of the head of the territory (the governor, the prefect);
- territorial legislature (local parliament);
- heads of departments of the relevant government ministries and departments.
The administrative center has an infrastructure that connects it with other localities, has sufficient economic, cultural, personnel potential for the implementation of management functions. Therefore, in many countries, the administrative centers are, as a rule, the largest settlements in the respective region. At the same time, the administrative center is not always included in this administrative-territorial entity. So, for example, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev and Minsk are not included in the areas they lead, Orenburg and Novosibirsk are not included in the districts of the same name, forming urban districts.
The official main city of an independent sovereign state is called the capital .
In the Russian Federation
The federal structure of Russia divides it into several federal districts . Each such district has its own administrative center (“capital”) in which the federal authorities, courts, economic and industrial centers are concentrated. The plenipotentiary representative office of the President of Russia of this federal district is located in each administrative center. Such centralized power distinguishes the “capital” of the district from other cities. Often, administrative centers are million-plus cities with the most developed socio-economic infrastructure:
- St. Petersburg - the administrative center of the North-West Federal District
- Novosibirsk is the administrative center of the Siberian Federal District ;
- Yekaterinburg - the administrative center of the Ural Federal District ;
- Nizhny Novgorod - the administrative center of the Volga Federal District ;
- Rostov-on-Don - the administrative center of the Southern Federal District ;
- Pyatigorsk - the administrative center of the North Caucasus Federal District
In the Russian Federation in the Federal Law "On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation" in Article 2. Basic terms and concepts . Given the definition:
“The administrative center of a rural settlement , municipal district , urban district is a settlement that is defined taking into account local traditions and established social infrastructure and in which, in accordance with the law of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, there is a representative body of the respective municipality . " [1]
Despite this definition, the charters of many urban districts and urban settlements of Russia, prescribes the administrative center of these municipalities.
- the status of cities, as administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation, is determined by local legislation [2] . An example is the law of the Tver region “On the status of the city of Tver - the administrative center of the Tver region” [3] .
In the Moscow and Leningrad regions, the administrative center is not defined, in fact, they are Moscow and St. Petersburg, while these two cities are separate subjects of the Russian Federation.
In the USSR
- District center - district center ( district administrative center)
- The administrative center is the center of a region , autonomous region , autonomous region or region .
For historical reasons, in the USSR, the administrative centers of all the Union republics, as well as the autonomous republics of the RSFSR , GSSR , and UzSSR, were not quite correctly called "capitals".
Notes
- Federal Law “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”
- ↑ The legal status of the city - the administrative center of the subject of the Russian Federation Archived May 2, 2009.
- ↑ Law of the Tver region “On the status of the city of Tver - the administrative center of the Tver region”