Zarina - ( other Iranian . - zaranya, Sak. - zarnya, Pers. زرینه . End of VII - beginning of VI century BC ) - Queen of Saks [1] . It is often given as a striking example of female warriors . Mentioned by Diodorus of Sicily and Nicholas of Damascus , whose information goes back to Ctesias .
Content
- 1 Versions of Antique Sources
- 1.1 Modern interpretations of the image and personality of Zarina
- 2 notes
- 3 References
Versions of Antique Sources
According to Ctesias [2] , during the reign of the Medean king Astibar (as the father of Astyages, he was identified with the Herodotic Kiaxar), the Parthians rebelled against the Medes and called on the Saks, which caused a long war of Saks and Medes. At this time, the Saki were ruled by the Queen ("a woman named Zarina"). The brave women of the Saks shared the hardships of war with their husbands. Zarina conquered the neighboring barbarian peoples who threatened the Sakas, founded a number of new cities and made the lives of her people happier.
The compatriots, in memory of her good deeds and virtues, erected a pyramid on her burial, a stage high on each stage, the length of each of the 3 stages, at the top they placed a colossal gilded statue and gave her heroic honors. I. V. Pyankov compares this information with the known data on the Sakov cemeteries [3] and indicates that Ctesias calls Zarina the wife of his brother Kidrey [4] .
The text of Nicholas of Damascus was fragmentary [5] ; it narrates how, after the murder of Marmarey, king of the Saks (sometimes it is believed that this is Zarina’s husband), the commander Strianhei (married to Rathaeus, daughter of Astibar) was embraced by love for Zarina, but she rejected him. Nicholas also mentions that the imperial palace of Saks was located in the city of Roksanaki.
Modern interpretations of the image and personality of Zarina
The image is actively used in literature and art [6] . A character named Zarina was bred as the wife of Sardanapalus in Byron's tragedy “Sardanapalus” [7] .
According to Gutnov, the memories of Zarina were preserved in the Central Asian poem “Gurguli”, which refers to the heroic Zarina Zaringar (“Gold-plated”) - the daughter of the winner of the virgins, Tsar Sogdin (that is, Sogdian). [8] .
I. V. Pyankov uses as a whole reliable data on the rule of a woman and on the construction of the tomb of the deceased ruler [9] . Information about the golden monument is given in the dictionary “Lexicon of the Russian historical, geographical, political and civil” by V. N. Tatishchev [10] .
The etymology of the name is not yet unambiguous and convincing. However, according to the famous Iranian V.I. Abaev, he dates back to other Iranians. * zaranya-, sak. * zarnya- gold [11] . In modern Ossetian language, the word žærīn / zærīnæ is most often used in a combination of such words as xur ( sun ) in the form xuržærīn and sѵrx (red) in the form sѵğžærīn, respectively designating sun glare (rays) and gold itself. The word žærin (sarin) in Persian means "gold, gold (oy). Until now, in Ossetia , as one of the parts of historical Alanya , in Dagestan and Tajikistan, the name Zarina is very common. This name is also common in Kazakhstan .
Notes
- ↑ WORLD HISTORY IN TEN VOLUMES. Volume II. M., 1956.P. 170
- ↑ Diodorus of Sicily. Historical library. II. 34
- ↑ History of the ancient East. Prince 2.M., 2004.S. 813
- ↑ History of the ancient East. Prince 2.M., 2004.S. 787
- ↑ fr. 12 Jacobi = fr. 5 Muller = fr. 14 rus. per. (Exc. De virt., I, p. 335, 20), see Nicholas of Damascus HISTORY "Herald of Ancient History." 1960, No. 3 and No. 4.
- ↑ Tsarina Zarina: Plays / Vladimir Vaneev; [Art. V. M. Dzhioev], 151, [1] p. silt 17 cm, Tskhinvali Iryston 1989 http://www.ruslib.org/books/bayron_jordzh_gordon/sardanapal-read.html Archived March 4, 2016 on the Wayback Machine ; Moiseeva K.M. Zarina's Sword 1960 (attempt to paint the heroine http://myzarina.mirtesen.ru/ ; http://kilat.ru/fantasy125.htm)и (inaccessible link) etc.
- ↑ Byron George Gordon. Sardanapalus Translation by G. Shengeli Collected Works in four volumes. T. 4.M., True, 1981
- ↑ (Doctor of Historical Sciences) F. Kh. GUTNOV Scythian Portraits http://www.darial-online.ru/1999_3/gutnov.shtml ; there are other sites on the Internet
- ↑ History of the Ancient East: From Early State Formations to Ancient Empires. M., 2004.S. 761, 787, 813
- ↑ Zarina // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .
- ↑ Abaev V.I.
Links
- Historical and etymological dictionary of the Ossetian language. T. 4. L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1989.S. 303