Nanjing ( Chinese. 南京 , letter. "Southern capital") is one of the auxiliary capitals of the Khitan state of Liao . Located in the modern Beijing region of Xuanwu . The full official name is Nanjing Xijinfu ( Chinese 南京 析 津 府 ). Since in ancient times the kingdom of Yan was located in these places, and it was here that the city of Ji, which served as its capital, was located, the Chinese often spoke and wrote Yanjing instead of Nanjing ( Chinese. , Letter. “Capital Yan”).
History
X century is known in the history of China as the era of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms . In the north of China at this time, one another was replaced by states that existed for only a few years. In 923, the Chateau Turks founded the state of Late Tan , which, at the peak of its power, controlled almost the whole of Northern China. In 936, the commander Shi Jintang decided to rebel, and at the same time turned to the Khitan for help. For help, the Khitan demanded territorial concessions. When Shi Jintang proclaimed the founding of the state of Late Jin , he was forced to transfer sixteen counties by the Khitan for their support. Two new auxiliary capitals were built on the newly acquired lands of the Khitan - Western (in the area of modern Datong ) and Southern.
In 938, Eliu Yaogu ordered the district center of Yuzhou ( Chinese 幽州 ) to be made the southern capital, giving it the official name Nanjing Yudufu ( Chinese 南京 幽 都府 ). In 1012, the name was changed to Nanjing Xijinfu .
In 1125, the Jurchen , who were previously subject to the Khitan, rebelled and, having expelled the Khitan, created their own Jin state. In 1151, the Jin emperor ordered a new capital for the state of Jin to be built on the site of Nanjing. The official transfer of the main capital from Shangjing took place in 1153, the city completely rebuilt and expanded by that time was renamed from Nanjing to Zhongdu ("Central Capital").
Description
Ye Longli in the “History of the Khitan State” describes Nanjing as follows:
Southern capital - founded by tai zong
The southern capital is located on the lands of the Yuzhou region, which in ancient times was part of the Jizhou region ... Under the Tang Dynasty, the Fanyang Governor General was created here to control the Sissy and Khitan. After Late Jin abandoned these lands, the Southern capital was created on them, also called Yanjing, which was part of the Xijin district ...
The imperial palace looks large and majestic. In the northern part of the city there are markets that transport everything that the land and the sea bestow. The Buddhist temples in which the monks live are superior to all others in the north. The produced silk fabrics with woven and embroidered patterns and silk products are the best in the Middle Kingdom. All kinds of vegetables, fruits and grains grow on fertile soil. There is nothing to say about the mulberry tree, curls, hemp, wheat, sheep, pigs, pheasants and hares.
Water is good, and the soil is fertile. Numerous crafts are common among the population. Talented people study books, and those following them practice horseback riding and archery, despite the difficulties ...