Phasania ( lat. Phasania ) - the name given by the ancient authors of the area of resettlement of pheasant tribes (hamphazants) in North Africa . The exact location has not been established; modern researchers localize it south of the Sirtik region ( Tripolitania ). Sometimes it is incorrectly identified with Garamantida .
| Fasania | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Geographic region | North Africa | ||||||||||||
| Period | OK. I c. BC e. - V century n e. | ||||||||||||
| Localization |  Libya (northwest) | ||||||||||||
| Population | black inhabitants of the Sahara, Libyans (pheasant / gamphazantes, etc.), part of the tribes of the "peoples of the sea" (hypothesis), Berbers | ||||||||||||
| States in the territory | |||||||||||||
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On the map of modern Libya, Fasania approximately corresponds to the territory inland from the coast in the northeast of Libya (part of the historical region of Fezzan ).
The period of use of the toponym “Fasania” is limited by the framework of classical and late antiquity .
Content
- 1 Sources
- 2 History
- 3 Geography and climate
- 4 notes
- 5 Links
Sources
- in the 1st century Pliny the Elder ( “Natural History . ” Book V. 34-6) described the attempts of the Romans to establish peace and order in North Africa, as well as a series of wars with the inhabitants of the desert, including in Fasania;
- in the 2nd century Claudius Ptolemy in his work “Geography” (book IV, 7, 28) mentioned Fasania, and placed it “somewhere in Africa”;
History
- From a period of approx. ser. 2nd millennium BC e. - The area is populated by Caucasoid tribes of the ancient Libyans . [1] In addition to them, the population of the region was represented by the natives of these places - the ancient blacks of the Sahara . [2]
- In con. 2nd millennium BC e. - perhaps the tribes of the “Peoples of the Sea” penetrated into Fasania, which subsequently could participate in the ethnogenesis of local tribes, called by the ancient authors phasians / hamphazants, etc.
- In con. 2nd millennium BC e. -OK. VII century - there was a state of Garamantes - Garamantida (the conventional name of modern researchers).
- I c. BC e. - III century BC e. - The state of Garamantes (including the region of Fasania) falls under the influence of the Romans , after several successful campaigns of the Roman army (the first Roman expedition was undertaken by Cornelius Balb in 20 BC ). But also this is the period of the greatest dawn of Garamantida.
- VII century - Territory conquered by the Arabs .
- For a more recent history of the region, see Tripolitania , Fezzan .
Geography and climate
Pheasantry ranged from the Black Mountains (Jebel es Soda) in the east, along the northern edge of Hamad al-Hamr, to the Ghadames oasis in the west. An ancient road (still described by Herodotus ) ran from the region from the Maly Sirt Bay into the interior of the continent. [3] Pliny the Elder placed Fasania between the tribes of the Amants and the Trojites [4] on the one hand and part of the African desert ( Greater East Erg ) on the other. The opinion was repeatedly expressed that the country of Garamantes (located to the south) in ancient times was known as “Fasania,” but it is erroneous: in Pliny (and in later sources), Fasania and Garamantida are distinctly different. [5]
In the ancient period, the climate in Fasania was more favorable for human habitation. This is evidenced by the information of Herodotus, Strabo , as well as the fact of the possibility of caravan trade and horseback riding (a camel was notably spread in the Sahara only in the 4th - 5th centuries A.D. ). The Sahara desert has not been as significant as it is today. [6]
Mentioned cities in Fasania are Zidam (oasis of Ghadames), [7] Alele and Killibu / Zellabu.
Notes
- ↑ Poplinsky, Yu. K. “From the History of Ethnocultural Contacts of Africa and the Aegean World: The Garamantian Problem.” M., 1978, p. 115-131.
- ↑ Drizzo A. D. “Garamantes (on the issue of reconstructing history and culture).” - Countries and peoples of the East. Vol. Viii. M., 1969.
- ↑ Charles Daniel of Garamantes in Southern Libya. "Garamantida (African Atlantis)." M. Publishing company "Eastern Literature" RAS, 1994. LBC 63.3 (0) 3.
- ↑ Researcher R. Lowe insists that Pliny speaks of “trogodites,” not “troglodytes," as is commonly believed.
- ↑ R. Low of Garamantes and Trans-Saharan Trade in Antiquity. "Garamantida (African Atlantis)." M. Publishing company "Eastern Literature" RAS, 1994. LBC 63.3 (0) 3.
- ↑ M. Yu. Roshchin Discovery of Garamantida. "Garamantida (African Atlantis)." M. Publishing company "Eastern Literature" RAS, 1994. LBC 63.3 (0) 3.
- ↑ The correspondence of ancient Zidam to the Gadames oasis is based on the reconstruction of the Cyjdamis inscription.- Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania (British School at Rome, 1952), 907, a fragment from Ghadames, is currently located in Tunisia.
Links
- "New Herodotus." Garamantida (African Atlantis).