Observer [4] (The Observer translates to “Observer”) is a British newspaper published on Sundays. This is the first and oldest Sunday newspaper in the world. [5] In 1993, it was acquired by another major publication, the daily Guardian .
| " Observer » | |
|---|---|
| Original title | The observer |
| Type of | weekly newspaper |
| Format | berliner |
| Owner | Guardian Media Group |
| Publisher | |
| A country | |
| Chief Editor | John Mulholland |
| Founded by | 1791 |
| Political affiliation | left-centrism [1] [2] |
| Language | English |
| Main office | Kings Place, 90 York Way, London |
| Circulation | 453,071 (2008) [3] |
| ISSN | 0029-7712 |
| Web site | observer.guardian.co.uk |
Publication History
The first issue was published on December 4, 1791. The chief editor at that time was W. Bourne, who soon went bankrupt and tried to sell the newspaper to anti-government organizations, then his brother offered the Observer to the government, which also refused to buy the publication, but agreed to sponsor if it distributed loyal in relation to the state of the idea.
In 1807, the Bourne brothers appointed Lewis Dox as the new editor. Seven years later, they sold the Observer to William Innell Clement , who already owned several publications. Over time, the authors began to express increasingly independent views.
After Clement's death in 1852 and Dox's retirement, Clement's heirs resold the Observer to Joseph Snowy. Under his leadership, the newspaper became even more liberal, in particular, supported the North in the American Civil War and demanded universal suffrage . [6] This could affect the print runs, but the next owner of the newspaper, Julius Beer, managed to make it successful again.
In the years 1870-1905 several owners and editors changed until James Garvin became the editor, quickly turning the Observer into an instrument of political influence and raising the circulation from 5 to 40 thousand. In the interwar years, circulation reached 2000 thousand . copies and did not fall even during the Great Depression . However, a conflict with current owner David Astor due to a divergence in political views (Garwin supported Tori ) led to his dismissal in 1942.
Astor himself became an editor and remained in this post for 27 years. His left-liberal views often led to opposition to government policies (for example, the Observer was the first major British publication to condemn the Suez War ), which ultimately led to a drop in circulation. In 1977, he sold the Observer to Atlantic Richfield (now ARCO). After another change of ownership, the newspaper was acquired in 1993 by the Guardian Media Group , which currently owns it.
Notes
- ↑ Left-centrism // Efremova T.F. New Dictionary of the Russian Language. Interpretative and derivational: St. 136000 dictionary entries, about 250,000 semantic units: In 2 volumes . - M .: Rus. lang , 2000. - (Library of Russian Dictionaries). - ISBN 5-200-02800-0 .
- ↑ Matt Wells . World writes to undecided voters , London: The Guardian (October 15, 2004). Date of treatment July 13, 2008.
- ↑ ABC Circulation Figures - 25 August 2008 to 28 September 2008 (PDF). Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC). Date of treatment October 20, 2008. Archived March 26, 2009.
- ↑ Foreign Press: A Quick Reference Guide. Newspapers. Magazines. News agencies / chap. ed. S. A. Losev . - M .: Politizdat , 1986.- S. 49.
- ↑ The Observer under review , BBC News (August 4, 2009). Date of treatment March 27, 2010.
- ↑ Observer timeline | GNM archive | guardian.co.uk
Links
- theguardian.com/observer - The Observer official site