The device of high-frequency jet artificial ventilation of the lungs is a hardware complex providing artificial respiration of a patient with a frequency 4 or more times the normal frequency of respiratory movements. The advantage of this type of artificial ventilation in the lungs is that it takes 1-3 ml of breathing mix per kilogram of body weight to maintain normal blood counts, in contrast to 7-10 ml per kilogram with the classical technique. A feature of high-frequency jet ventilation is also a high speed of the air flow entering the lungs, which allows for the moistening of the inhaled gas mixture without damaging the ciliary epithelium and the formation of sputum .
Such devices are widely used in ENT surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiac surgery, and in many other situations where there is a risk of injury to the patient’s lung tissue. The devices have a built-in gas mixture heating system and a built-in roller humidifier (installation of 0-100% humidification without loss in the breathing circuit).
When high-frequency jet ventilation of the lungs, the effect is achieved by a given frequency of pulsations (up to 300 and up to 1200 breathing cycles per minute to achieve different goals) a thin stream of gas mixture at a prescribed pressure, while there should be no loss of power flow in the circuit. The patient should receive a stream of proper pressure, given humidity and temperature. Exhalation is carried out passively with a leaky circuit, while the gas mixture dynamically moves out directly near the wall of the bronchus , exerting a powerful drainage effect and drawing the contents of the bronchi to the outside.
Required ventilation modes:
- PEEP - positive expiratory.
- CPAP is a constant positive pressure in the airways during spontaneous breathing.
- Heating and moistening of the gas mixture.
- Control of the volume of gas supplied.
- Nebulizer bypass flow
Modern methods of patient management with the use of long-term combined or actually high-frequency jet ventilation can significantly improve the ventilation and perfusion parameters and ensure the effective elimination of CO2 from body tissues.
See also
- High-frequency oscillatory newborns