Barge No. 752 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] ( No. B-752 [7] [8] ; in a number of journalistic publications, No. 725 [9] [10] [11] is indicated) - a transport vessel used for transportation through Lake Ladoga on the Road of Life in the summer and fall of 1941.
| Barge No. 752 | |
|---|---|
 Barge in tow on Ladoga | |
| Service | |
 the USSR | |
| Class and type of vessel | barge |
| Status | sank on the night of September 17, 1941 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 750 tons |
On the night of September 17, 1941, during the evacuation of people from besieged Leningrad , the barge leaked, and after that it was subjected to German air raid [12] and sank in Lake Ladoga, killing more than 1000 people. On the same night, 460 people were killed on a barge towed by a gunboat "Selemdzha" [13] , carrying military replenishment to Leningrad. The tug "Eagle" and the gunboat "Selemdzh" managed to save 240 people - 216 and 24 people , respectively. In total, 433 cadets, 132 graduates (among whom were female paramedics ), 8 junior commanders, 36 officers and 46 women, as well as all the children who were with them (the number of which was not taken into account) and 30 civilian employees and employees are among the confirmed losses. Naval Medical Academy and Hydrographic Administration of the Navy (more than 685 people), on which there were registered lists. In addition, a platoon of cadets of the Leningrad (later Kaliningrad) military engineering school named after A. A. Zhdanova , students of the vocational school, officers, women and all the children and civilian employees of the Navy Artillery and Technical Directorates who were with them and other people who managed to board the barge. Among the rescued were 184 people (160 on the "Orel" and 24 on the "Selemdzh"), belonging to the Naval Medical Academy and the Hydrographic Directorate of the Navy; the remaining 56 were employees of other organizations.
Developments
At 21:00 on September 16, the gunboat “Selemdzha” took a barge with 400 tons of flour and 460 replenishment fighters for the Leningrad Front in Novaya Ladoga in tow and went on a voyage to Osinovets . On September 17, at 3:50 a.m., under the influence of storm waves, a leak opened in the barge, a strong roll appeared, tow ropes burst, and the barge was carried to the bank of Severnaya Goloveshka. The Selemdzh anchored, and at dawn she discovered the death of the barge and all the people.
Following the gunboat "Selemdzha" from Novaya Ladoga the gunboat "Bureya" [13] left, having on board a company of Red Army soldiers and leading a barge in tow with 800 Red Army men. At 3:18 a.m. on September 17, a tow rope burst, and the barge was carried in shallow water to the shore. Due to heavy rainfall, the Bureya was unable to approach the barge and anchored near the bank of Northern Goloveshka.
At about 11 p.m. on September 16, barge No. 752, loaded with evacuated ships, left the port of Osinovets in the direction of Novaya Ladoga, before which fighters of the rifle unit with anti-tank guns and horses arrived in Osinovets. Due to the confusion with tugboats, the departure of the barge was delayed for several hours. The departure was finally organized by Rear Admiral A.T. Zaostrovtsev , who commanded the training crew of the KBF submarines, who himself went to Novaya Ladoga in tow "Eagle", pulling a barge. The tug was built in 1904 in Finland and had a capacity of 415 and. l sec., length 30.75 m, width 5.58 m, height 6.5 m, draft with a full coal reserve of 2.2 m, displacement of about 200 rt and 22 crew members. The wooden barge had a displacement of 750 tons, the hold did not have any bulkheads. The barge was supposed to be guarded by the Sheksna gunboat, however, it itself was loaded with evacuees and went forward independently, overtaking the barge with a tugboat.
At 3 a.m., a leak opened in the barge. At 6 o’clock in the morning, an alarm was noticed in tow from a barge that had settled heavily, waves washed away the superstructure and washed people off the deck. The catastrophe occurred at The SOS signal was transmitted from the tugboat in plain text. Realizing that the wooden barge would not completely sink, the tug lifted the maximum possible number of people out of the water and headed for Novaya Ladoga, meeting the gunboat Selemja on the way, which Zaostrovtsev ordered to follow to assist barge No. 752 and which managed to be completed by 4 pm on September 17 approach the barge and, in the conditions of the continuing storm, remove the remaining survivors from it.
From the gunboat "Bureya" they noticed the tug "Eagle" at 6 o’clock in the morning, and the barge towed by it already looked empty and destroyed. At the same time, the Bureya noticed its own barge, which was used to save people with which the minesweeper TSh-122 and the towing ship Nikulyasy were sent. However, the minesweeper TSH-122 was caught by a storm in the open Ladoga and spent the whole night fighting the elements. He was able to approach the barge only at 16 hours on September 17 and removed the last survivors from it, after which he was attacked by German planes and sustained damage, and then the minesweeper commander decided to jump aground. The surviving people from the minesweeper ТЩ-122 were removed by the gunboat Nora. In total, about the death of 13 sailors from the minesweeper’s crew is known, this number includes several missing sailors who tried to reach the shore on a boat. The commander of the TSh-122, lieutenant F. L. Khodov [14] , was awarded the Order of Lenin, and the commander of the guns foreman of the 1st article, N. S. Abakumov, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. [15] It should be noted that it is impossible to determine exactly which barge the TSh-122 people were shooting from. [16] According to the memoirs of Z. Rusakov, the TSC-122 rescued the passengers of the barge, as instructed by the Bureya, but was awarded F. L. Khodov later, for commanding the minesweeper TSC-175. [17]
In 1942, a group of hydrographs discovered the skeleton of barge No. 752 off the island of Ptinov . It contained the remains of people and equipment of the Navy's Hydrographic Directorate, transported on a barge. Hydrographs buried the remains of the northeastern part of the island of Ptinov, where a memorial stone is now installed.
On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the complete lifting of the blockade in 2013, diving explorations were carried out on the Road of Life. In particular, a sunken logging of a barge and other evidence of a catastrophe were discovered. [18]
Memories of Eyewitnesses
The memoirs of Vladimir Solontsov, who was on the roof of the superstructure at the time when he, along with the women and children sheltered in it, were washed away overboard, but managed to escape, were published. [16] The journal Neva No. 8 for 2003 published the memoirs of Samuil Dvorkin, who managed to get to the tugboat “Eagle” by swimming. In 2012, the newspaper MK in St. Petersburg published excerpts from the diary of Arkady Shvarev .
In 1991, the historian of the Navy Berkov, in the Morskaya Starina newspaper, published the memoirs of Rear Admiral A. A. Kuznetsov , EPRON commander of the Baltic Fleet, and from November 1941 - Deputy Head of the EPRON Main Directorate of the USSR Navy. According to him, he and a group of commanders were on the gunboat Sheksna. According to Kuznetsov’s assessment, the wooden barge, which did not have additional fastenings, was not prepared for sailing in the lake (in autumn). Since, according to Kuznetsov, the Sheksna’s loading was delayed, she had to either catch up with the Eagle in the dark, or go to Novaya Ladoga on her own. Sheksna did not find a caravan with a barge and set off on its own. Around 24.00 a storm began on Lake Ladoga, intensifying by 2-3 hours on September 17 to 7-8 points. By 7 o’clock in the morning on September 17, the Sheksna entered the raid in Novaya Ladoga, but could not approach the pier due to deep draft and remained in the raid when the passengers were taken ashore. Around noon, a tugboat passed by, heading to the place of death of the barges, then an ICBM flew by, whose pilot visually (not by radio) showed the direction to the scene of the accident. At 16 o’clock the Eagle approached with the rescued from barge No. 752, it took passengers off the Sheksna to the shore, but it was too late to go to the scene of the accident.
According to the memoirs of Rear Admiral A.T. Zaostrovtsev published by Berkov in the same material of "Sea Antiquity", the catastrophe developed much more dynamically: at 6 a.m. the excitement reached 6-7 points , and the tug turned against the wind, but it was reported from the barge, that everything is safe. At 7 o’clock they reported from the barge that water began to flow, but there were no emergency means. At 7:30 it was reported that there was a lot of water and the barge bent into three parts; the storm intensified to 9 points, and the superstructure was washed away from the barge, after which the tugboat began a rescue operation. From the tugboat they saw the gunboat "Selemdzh", but she did not respond to the signals. The SOS signal was received in Leningrad, the tug was supposed to stay next to the barge until help came, but Zaostrovtsev personally authorized the departure of the tugboat crowded with the rescued to Novaya Ladoga.
The captain of the gunboat "Bureya" in his memoirs recalls the episode with a torn barge, but does not report anything about the fate of its passengers. [nineteen]
Guilty of tragedy
The captain of the 1st rank B.V. Khoroshkhin , commander of the Ladoga military flotilla, was transferred to the Volga flotilla and died during the Battle of Stalingrad - on August 1, 1942, his armored boat was blown up by a mine. On October 13, 1941, the captain of the 1st rank V. S. Cherokov took command of the Ladoga Flotilla, which prohibited the transportation of people on barges. There is an assumption of responsibility of Rear Admiral K.I.Samoilov , who was responsible for the deployment of lake military flotillas on Ladoga and Peipsi Lakes, however, according to various sources, he was arrested on July 8, 1941 and dismissed from the Navy in early August.
Memory
- Film adaptation
- “ Save Leningrad ” (2019) is a military drama directed by Alexei Kozlov [20] .
Notes
- ↑ Saparov, 1957 , p. 34.
- ↑ Kovalchuk, 1975 , p. 76.
- ↑ Chebotaryov et al., 1981 , p. 111.
- ↑ Kuzinets, 2011 , p. 51.
- ↑ Kuzinets, 2015 , p. 115.
- ↑ Cherneva, 2019 , p. 31.
- ↑ Lazarev, 1999 , p. 82.
- ↑ Kuzinets, 2015 , p. 113.
- ↑ Muromov, 2003 .
- ↑ Zefirov et al., 2008 , p. 186.
- ↑ Nepomnyashchy, 2010 , p. 225.
- ↑ Kuzinets, 2011 , p. 53.
- ↑ 1 2 Gunboats of the USSR
- ↑ Hodov Fedor Leontyevich
- ↑ Rusakov, 1989 .
- ↑ 1 2 Zefirov et al., 2008 .
- ↑ At what cost did the Road of Life begin. Ladoga is dear . document.wikireading.ru. Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Belarus found at the bottom of Lake Ladoga vessels rescuing the besieged Leningrad (Russian) , TUT.BY. Date of treatment August 16, 2018.
- ↑ Battleships of Ladoga. Ladoga is dear . document.wikireading.ru. Date of treatment August 11, 2018.
- ↑ This story happened in the second week of the siege of Leningrad in September 1941 . On the official website of AVK Studio .
Sources
Literature
- Kovalchuk V. M. Leningrad and the mainland: the history of the Ladoga communication of blocked Leningrad in 1941-1943. / holes ed. G. D. Komkov . - Flax. Dep. Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR . - L .: 1st type. Publishing House " Science ", Len. Dep., 1975 .-- 328 p. - (World War II in research, memoirs, documents).
- Team of authors. On Ladoga // Soviet River Transport in the Great Patriotic War. - M .: Military Publishing , 1981. - S. 101-114.
- Kuzinets I. M. The tragedy of cadets-dzerzhinsky on Lake Ladoga (September 1941) // XIV Vishnyakov readings: “Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten” (on the 70th anniversary of the start of World War II): Materials of the international scientific conference Boksitogorsk, March 25, 2011 / under the total. ed. V.N. Skvortsova . - SPb. ; Boksitogorsk: Leningrad State University named after A.S. Pushkin , 2011 .-- S. 50–55. - ISBN 978-5-8290-1079-9 .
- Kuzinets I. M. Tragedy on Ladoga (September 1941) // Difficult roads of war: to the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 .. - St. Petersburg. : Branko, 2015 .-- pp. 112-117. - ISBN 978-5-903521-34-0 .
- Lazarev N.M. 1941, from June 22 to September 17: The Peipsi Military Flotilla and Second Battalion of the 2nd Separate Marine Brigade in battles on the distant and near approaches to Leningrad. Disaster on Lake Ladoga . - M .: Corvit, 1999 .-- 141 p.
- Rusakov Z. G. Our sea was Ladoga: sailors of the Ladoga military flotilla in the battle for Leningrad. - L .: Lenizdat , 1989.
- Saparov A.V. Road of life: Lake Ladoga . - L .: Lenizdat , 1957 .-- 303 p.
- Cherneva V. Last barge voyage No. 752 // Rodina . - M. , 2019 .-- No. 1 . - S. 31 . - ISSN 0235-7089 .
In journalistic literature
- Zefirov M.V., Bazhenov N.N., Degtev D.M. Target - ships. Confrontation of the Luftwaffe and the Soviet Baltic Fleet . - M .: AST; Keeper, 2008 .-- 411 p. - (Unknown wars). - ISBN 978-5-17-045858-5 .
- Muromov I.A. Barge No. 725 // 100 Great Shipwrecks. - M .: Veche, 2003 .-- (100 great). - ISBN 5-9533-0089-1 .
- Nepomnyashchy N. N. Military disasters at sea. - M .: Veche, 2001 .-- 405 p. - ISBN 5-7838-0832-6 .
- Nepomnyashchy N. N. Catastrophes and cataclysms . - M .: OLMA, 2010 .-- 256 p. - ISBN 978-5-373-03008-3 .
- Nepomnyashchy N. N. USSR. The ominous secrets of the great era . - Centerpolygraph, 2014 .-- 381 p. - ISBN 978-5-227-04547-8 .
Archives
CVMA F. 864. Op. 1. Unit hr 1341.
Links
- On September 17, 1941, when crossing the stormy Lake of Ladoga, 131 graduates of the second graduation of the Naval Medical Academy killed . On the website of the Military Medical Academy. S. M. Kirov .
- A personal list of irreparable loss of personnel of the former Naval Hydrographic School named after G.K. Ordzhonikidze, who died in the accident of barge No. 752 on Lake Ladoga on September 17, 1941 . It was signed by the head of the school, captain 1st rank Zhukov and the military commissar of the school, brigade commissar Efimenko 10/24/1941 . Central Naval Portal .
- Disaster in Lake Ladoga on September 17, 1941
- Morozova N.F. Nominal list of teachers, officers of the Higher Naval Engineering Order of Lenin School named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky, who died in the accident of barge No. 752 on Lake Ladoga on September 17, 1941 . Central Naval Portal .