Aerobics

Usually the term "aerobics" is associated with the name of the American actress Jane Fonda . She made great efforts to spread dance aerobics around the world. However, in fact, the term was coined by the American physiologist Kenneth Cooper in the 60s of the 20th century. His book "Aerobics" was published in 1963 . A dance kind of aerobics also already existed before the Foundation began to popularize it. Cooper himself emphasized the great role of the American dancer Jackie Sorrensen in her development. Aerobics Cooper was known around the world, but in relatively narrow circles - among trainers, lovers of wellness techniques, etc. While Jane Fonda, as a world "star", was able to spread dance aerobics among the "masses".

Water aerobics

A set of exercises includes walking, running , jumping, flexibility exercises. The result of regular aerobics classes is maintaining the body in good shape, training muscles and skin , and general healing of the body . It is used for preventive and therapeutic purposes.

A bunch, or composition - that is, a dance using the basic elements of aerobics, performed synchronously by a team of 8, 6, 3 people, a pair of male-female or solo. The duration of the ligament, from 1 minute to 3.5 minutes, is set by the rules of a particular event.

The main components of the ligament: jack (jack), lunch (lunch), skip (skip), jump (jump), knee / no-up (knee-up), step (step), running, chassis, mamba, overwhelming, max forward (kick, kick), swing to the side (side, side), heat (tap) and others.

Elements of the dance - physical exercises or jumps, the number of which is determined by the rules of the competition, the category to which the team belongs.

Wellness Aerobics Dance Elements

• push-ups on the knees;
• balance (standing on one leg, not bent at the knee, motionless, tilting the body parallel to the floor and horizontally straightening the second leg and opposite arm so that they form a straight line with each other and with the body);
• a corner with a pistol (lifting one leg horizontally on the floor with the hands of the abdominal muscles, holding the other leg on the shoulder);
• “Crease” (flattening of the upper body with legs, sitting on the floor, with straightened knees and stretched socks);
• female twine;
• "multiplication" jump (a jump from two legs with their sides spreading as far as possible, as stretching allows, and bringing them back in the air with landing on two legs together);
• “horse” or “kangaroo” jump (two-leg jump with simultaneous pulling of the knees to the chest).

Sports Aerobics

• push-ups in an emphasis lying, in an emphasis lying the elbows back;
• leg corner together (horizontal lifting of the legs above the floor on the hands with abdominal muscles for 4 or 8 counts);
• angle rotation by 90, 180 and 360 degrees;
• "Horse";
• multiplication (jumping from two legs at the same time, with the help of the muscles of the legs and the press, stretching the legs in the air, as far as stretching allows, while bringing the legs almost to the horizontal with some “folding” of the body forward);
• "fold";
• creeping through twine, max and others.

The number of elements and the degree of their implementation depends on the age and sports category of the team.

There are health aerobics, sports and fitness aerobics, sports aerobics. There is also basic aerobics (without additional shells and elements), step aerobics (using a step platform), fitball aerobics (aerobics on fitballs ).

In the Soviet Union and Russia from 1984 to 1992, 14 sets of rhythmic gymnastics were shown on Central television .

• In 1984, the program debuted on screens from the release, which was led by the famous figure skater Natalia Linichuk . Performers - Elena Novozhilova, Zhanna Smirenina, Kaleria Studenikina, Irina Cherichenko, Dmitry Mishakov, Nikolai Tugov. The composer is Anatoly Kiriyak, the opening song is performed by Sergey Minaev .
• The second issue of aerobics was conducted by the no less famous ballerina Lilia Sabitova , it was shown on television from January to March 1985. The complex used melodies of the Dutch band " Stars on 45 ". Performers - Elena Bukreeva, Alla Pravdina, O. Saveliev, Kaleria Studenikina, Nikolai Tugov, Yuri Shcherbakov.
• The third complex of rhythmic gymnastics was conducted by the honored master of sports in gymnastics Elena Bukreeva (March - April 1985). Composer - Jean-Michel Jarre (France). Run melody - “Cause time, fun hour” from the repertoire of Alla Pugacheva . The melody in front of the final part is “Who is to Blame” by Viktor Reznikov with the phonogram of Valery Leontiev . Performers - Elena Novozhilova, Alla Savchenko, E. Samsonova, Kaleria Studenikina, Nikolai Tugov, Yuri Shcherbakov.
• Theater and film actress Elena Skorokhodova (May - June 1985) became the leading of the fourth complex. In this issue, the music of the first three complexes was used, except for jogging (“The World Around the Sheer Confusion” by Hightower and Denny), resting lying and invigorating endings. Performers - Elena Bukreeva, I. Kolokolova, Alla Pravdina, Alla Savchenko, A. Ignatiev, Nikolai Tugov.
• The fifth release of the rhythms was carried out immediately by two leaders - Natalia Linichuk and Igor Bobrin . This is the first complex in which exercises in a standing position are divided into two parts: warm-up and the main part. The release was unusual in that the exercises are performed not only in the halls, as in the previous complexes, but in nature (July - August 1985). The shooting took place in the Dynamo Sports Palace, Izmailovsky Forest Park and on the cycle track in Krylatskoye. Natalia Linichuk: “The first exercise is the left hand up, the right - on the belt, one or two ...”. For the first time, the sound line of the complex was completely represented by the compositions of one author - Sigmar Liepins (“Hard Nut” - a warm-up, “Hard Nut-2” - the main part, “Hard Nut-2” (the sound is muffled) - an episode with learning the exercises of the main part, “ Shuttle ”- the running part (after warming up),“ Renaissance ”- checking the pulse, the final part,“ Again the stars ”- the beginning, the main part (the first two exercises), sitting and lying exercises). In the complex, a song was performed by Vladimir Dubinin and the “Rhythm” group “Twentieth Century - Century of Movement”. A fragment with learning the exercises of the main part at the beginning of the release was usually cut out. Now on the Internet this fragment is placed after the main part, which is irrational. Performers - an experimental group of rhythmic gymnastics led by Igor Bobrin, I. Kolokolov, L. Lomakin, Alla Pravdina, Alla Savchenko, B. Ivliev, A. Ignatiev, Nikolai Tugov, ballet of the collective Alla Pugacheva (there is a version that the extreme participant has braided oblique in a yellow-lilac dress - her daughter Kristina Orbakaite , although at that time she was 14 years old and it was unlikely she took part in the filming).
• The leading sixth complex again became Elena Bukreeva (October - December 1986). The composer of this release is Chris Kelmi . Performers - L. Lomakina, Tatyana Onishchuk, Alla Pravdina, O. Saveliev, Alla Savchenko, E. Plotkin, Yuri Shcherbakov.
• The seventh complex was led by Igor Bobrin, classes were held both in the hall and outdoors in the winter season (January - March 1987). The author of the music of this complex is also Chris Kelmi. Voice-over - Elena Bukreeva. Performers - A. Antonova, E. Vasyukova, N. Karamysheva, O. Filippova, I. Lisovsky, I. Okunev.
• The eighth issue of aerobics was conducted by Natalia Efremova (Korkh) - the debut took place in May 1987. Performers - T. Kolomyets, N. Opletaeva, V. Palladyeva, L. Prokhorova, G. Rozovskaya, Svetlana Rozhkova, N. Serafimova, A. Ilchinin, B. Maslov, B. Opletaev, A. Semikov, children Lisa and Ilya ( children of the presenter Natalia Efremova), while the participants in the children's ensemble " Cuckoo ."
• The ninth rhythmic complex was conducted by Svetlana Rozhnova , it is called “At Sea”: aerobics classes are held in the southern resort of the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - in the Dagomys microdistrict. The composer of the release is Vadim Lashchuk, the leader of the Kiev rock band Display. At the beginning of the complex, a short rap “Plastic - gymnastics” was sounded, which became the motto of this complex, and in the middle, in the running part, the song “Joy of movement” sounded. The melody of relaxation exercises is the song “Ocean” (from the repertoire of Sofia Rotaru, the disc “Monologue about Love”). The complex had an application that was broadcast in the program “ Good Morning ” - morning workout. There is evidence that the complex was cut down (a white background is used in learning, as in the sixth complex). Performers: Alexandra Vasilyeva, Elena Zakharova, Tatyana Onishchuk, Olga Sergeeva, Irena Cherne.
• For the tenth in terms of central heating, the “Apartment” issue was broadcast (March - April 1989). It was attended by four presenters from previous issues: Natalia Efremova, Lilia Sabitova, Elena Bukreeva and Svetlana Rozhnova. It used melodies of popular foreign disco hits. Performers are the children of Natalia Efremova Ilya and Lisa. Here Ilya grew up, he is 5 years old. The shooting took place in the pavilion of VDNH . Also, this complex had an application that Natalya Efremova led with her son Ilya, it learned exercises specifically for children. Interviews with the leaders during the learning exercises were taken by Sergey Cheskidov . At the beginning of the complex, Natalia Efremova sorted letters from fans of the program. There is evidence that the complex was cut down (Ilya learned to study in the living room in learning).
• The eleventh aerobics complex (in the American manner) was led by Svetlana Rozhnova and the then-famous movie actor Oleg Knysh . He appeared on television in May 1990. Also in June 1990, three additional complexes were shown, the presenters of which were constantly changing: the first - all participants in turn with Oleg Knysh, the second - Oleg Knysh, the third - Inna Ignatova. Performers: Elena Makaenkova, Victoria Tereshchenko, Tatyana Zimanova, Svetalana Semenova, Andrey Bobykin, Sergey Kondrashov.
• The twelfth complex was held against the backdrop of Russian nature with Russian folk tunes arranged by Yuri Poteyenko. The lead release was Inna Ignatova (July - September 1990). Performers: Alla Dorofeeva, Tatyana Zimanova, Elena Makayenkova, Galina Meshcheryakova, Svetlana Semenova, Victoria Tereshchenko, Oleg Knysh.
• The thirteenth complex was filmed in the USA . The leader of this complex was the American actress Jane Fonda , Inna Ignatova (July - August 1991) read the voiceover into Russian. This issue was broadcast until the collapse of the USSR .
• The fourteenth issue (June 1992) was conducted by the author of a set of exercises, choreographer, candidate of pedagogical sciences Olga Ivanova. Performers: Elena Makaenkova, Nikolai Shvachkin, Tatyana Mishurova, Elena Trush, Tatyana Zimanova, Svetlana Semenova. The complex was again shot in the American style and was the last. It was broadcast on the 1st channel "Ostankino", did not use popularity.

Since 2005, the complexes were periodically repeated on the Nostalgia television channel, with the exception of episodes from the 8th to the 14th.

In 1983, Electrola released an album by Aerobic Sound Band , entitled "Aerobic - Dancing". The album is made in the form of a non-stop disco ^[1] . In 1984 and 1986, Break Dance and Break Dance 2 albums were released by the Romanian Electric-Cord Group, recorded in synth-pop and funk style. In 1987, the Czechoslovak label Opus released the album-album Cvičme v rytme , which featured instrumental compositions performed by Czechoslovak, Polish and Hungarian musicians.

In 1985-1986, the company "Melody" released a series of records "Sports and Music" with instrumental electronic music. It included the following albums:

• “ Rhythmic gymnastics ” (announcer - Olga Chipovskaya, music performers - pop orchestra performed by Pavel Ovsyannikov , instrumental ensemble of the Rosconcert performed by Vladimir Osinsky , instrumental ensemble “Radar” performed by Sergei Pedersen, VIA Opus performed by Zigmar Liepins , Vadim Kondratiev, Andrey Rodionov and Boris Tikhomirov )
• " Pulse-1. Musical computer ”(authors and performers of music are Andrey Rodionov and Boris Tikhomirov)
• “ Pulse-2 ” (music performer - VIA “Opus” by Sigmar Liepins)
• " Pulse-3 " (music performer - jazz-rock band " Arsenal " n / a Alexei Kozlov )
• Aeroton (music performer - instrumental ensemble of the Rosconcert n / a by Vladimir Osinsky).

In 1988, the company "Melody" released the eponymous album of the studio duo " Display ", which was attended by Kiev musician and composer Vadim Lashchuk and his wife Ellen Kreis . The instrumental piece “Ten Thousand Meters Run”, which occupied the second side of the record, was used in the ninth edition of rhythmic gymnastics “At Sea”. Also in this program, the song of the group “Joy of Movement” sounds. Previously, it was assumed that Lashchuk himself acted in the role of a disk jockey, but in fact it was a DJ from Sochi, Alexander Gorbunov.

For aerobics use specially recorded music without gaps between songs (tracks). Typically, the duration of the disc is 50-60 minutes, at the end add the composition for stretching and relaxation. For each of the types of aerobics, music with different emphasis (frequency) and style is used. For example, for step aerobics, impacts of 130–136, 132–138 beats per minute are usually used, for box aerobics - 135–145 and higher.

• The exercises from the aerobics complex are demonstrated by the Turtle in the cartoon “ Treasure ”.
• Shots of aerobics classes were shown during the performance of the song “Jim observes the regime of the day” (“Song about the benefits of sports”) in the cartoon “Treasure Island” .
• The hobby for aerobics was ironically beaten in the plot of the Yeralash newsreel “Breathe deeper!” ^[2] and in the video of VIA “Ariel” for the song “You are old, old people” ^[3] .
• In 1983, the song “Aerobics” was released (music by Yu. Krupnik, lyrics by S. Kutanin). The song was performed by Chisinau VIA “Arta” and VIA “Ariel” ^[4] .
• One of the aerobic exercises appears in the song “Luck” from the music television movie “ One for All!” "1985 year. Sings Nikolai Karachentsov .
• The song about aerobics (music by A. Dergachev, lyrics by V. Levin) sounds in the children's film “ Malyavkin and Company ” (1986) ^{[5] [6]} .
• In the film “The End of Operation Resident” (1986), Olga Kostrova (actress Irina Rozanova) performs a set of exercises that is shown on TV (the third complex with Elena Bukreeva).

• Documentary film “Rhythmic gymnastics: yesterday, today, tomorrow”
• Aerobics came to the USSR. An article about the history of Soviet aerobics on the site allperestroika.ru